Fig. 1.

The model chain in SEAMLESS (Van Ittersum and others 2008); APES Agricultural Production and Externalities Simulator, a cropping system model; FSSIM-AM Farm Systems SIMulator-Agricultural Management; FSSIM-MP FSSIM-Mathematical Programming; EXPAMOD EXtraPolation and Aggregation MODel, a regional econometric estimation model for price elasticities; SEAMCAP SEAMLESS version of the Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact Analysis model, a partial-equilibrium market model for the agricultural sector