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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Rob Res. 2010 Nov;29(13):1640–1660. doi: 10.1177/0278364910369714

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Accurate robotic needle steering requires a model that predicts needle motion within the tissue. Both a stochastic motion planner (used pre- and/or intra-operatively) and an image-guided model-based feedback controller can use the mechanics-based model.