Table 5.
Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI)a subscale sum scores (N = 893-942)
| total | men | women | statistics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sub scales | Mean (sd) | Median (range) | Mean (sd) | Median (range) | Mean (sd) | Median (range) | Z | p |
| Hard neurological signs | ||||||||
| plantar reflexes (le/ri*), power in upper and lower limb (le/ri), and reflexes (hyper- and hyporeflexia) in upper and lower limb (le/ri) | 1.12 (1.70) | 0.0 (0 - 10) | 1.07 (1.66) | 0.0 (0-8) | 1.22 (1.78) | 0.0 (0-10) | -1.467 | n.s |
| Motor coordination | ||||||||
| finger-nose test (le/ri), finger-thumb tapping (le/ri), finger-thumb opposition (le/ri), pronation-supination (le/ri); fist-edge-palm test (le/ri), Oseretsky test | 4.11 (4.27) | 3.0 (0-20) | 3.95 (4.17) | 2.0 (0-20) | 4.44 (4.45) | 3.0 (0-20) | -1.629 | n.s |
| Sensory integration | ||||||||
| extinction, finger agnosia (le/ri), stereoagnosia (le/ri), agraphesthesia (le/ri), left-right disorientation | 3.66 (3.32) | 3.0 (0-15) | 3.63 (3.32) | 3.0 (0-15) | 3.73 (3.31) | 3.0 (0-14) | -0.521 | n.s |
| Primitive reflexes | ||||||||
| snout reflex, grasp reflex, palmo-mental reflex (le/ri) | 0.84 (1.14) | 0.0 (0-5) | 0.80 (1.11) | 0.0 (0-5) | 0.91 (1.19) | 0.0 (0-5) | -1.363 | n.s |
| Tardive dyskinesia | ||||||||
| dyskinetic, sustained or manneristic face and head movement, simple or complex abnormal posture, dyskinetic, dystonic or manneristic trunk/limb movement | 0.55 (1.17) | 0.0 (0-9) | 0.58 (1.25) | 0.0 (0-9) | 0.49 (0.98) | 0.0 (0-7) | -0.132 | n.s |
| Catatonic signs | ||||||||
| gait mannerism, gegenhalten, mitgehen, imposed posture, exaggerated or iterative movement, automatic obedience, echopraxia | 0.43 (0.96) | 0.0 (0-8) | 0.45 (0.98) | 0.0 (0-8) | 0.38 (0.91) | 0.0 (0-7) | -1.717 | n.s |
| Parkinsonism | ||||||||
| increased tone in upper and lower limb (le/ri), decreased associated movements in walking, shuffling gait, arm dropping, tremor postural or resting, rigidity in neck | 1.76 (2.90) | 0.0 (0-15) | 1.70 (2.85) | 0.0 (0-15) | 1.89 (3.02) | 0.5 (0-15) | -1.172 | n.s |
| Failure to suppress inappropriate response | ||||||||
| blinking or head movement in saccadic eye movement, winking with one eye | 1.23 (1.49) | 1.0 (0-6) | 1.12 (1.42) | 1.0 (0-6) | 1.48 (1.62) | 1.0 (0-6) | -3.175 | .001* |
*le/ri - left and right
aChen EY, Shapleske J, Luque R, McKenna PJ, Hodges JR, Calloway SP, Hymas NF, Dening TR, Berrios GE: The Cambridge Neurological Inventory: a clinical instrument for assessment of soft neurological signs in psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res 1995, 56(2):183-204.