Table 1.
Well-recognized paraneoplastic disorders of the nervous system.
| Neurologic disorder | Manifestations | Autoantibody* | Associated tumor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subacute sensory neuronopathy | Pain, sensory loss and ataxia | Hu (ANNA-1) | SCLC, lymphoma |
| Cerebellar degeneration | Subacute ataxia | Yo (PCA-1), Hu, Tr, Ma1, mGluR1, Zic4, CRMP-5 (CV-2) | Ovarian, breast, lung, Hodgkin |
| Lambert–Eaton syndrome | Fatigable weakness, dysautonomia | VGCC | SCLC, Hodgkin |
| Encephalomyelitis | Subacute confusion, brainstem signs, myelitis | Hu, Ma2, ANNA-3 | SCLC, breast, Hodgkin, testicular |
| Limbic encephalitis | Short-term memory loss, hallucination, psychiatric features | VGKC, Ma2, CRMP-5 (CV-2), NMDAR | SCLC, testicular, breast, Hodgkin, thymoma, breast, ovarian teratoma |
| Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia | Eye movement disorders, myoclonic jerks, limb or gait ataxia | Ri (ANNA-2) | Neuroblastoma, breast, SCLC |
| Stiff-person syndrome | Subacute muscle stiffness, spasms and rigidity | Amphiphysin | Breast, lung, lymphomas, thymoma |
| Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) | Subacute visual loss, ring scotoma | CAR (recoverin) | SCLC, lymphomas, thymoma, renal cell |
| Optic neuropathy | Visual loss | CRMP-5 | Lung |
| Chorea | Choreoathetosis | Hu, CRMP-5 | Lung, lymphoma |
*
This is a partial list of associated autoantibodies, and many cases of paraneoplastic neurological disease have no recognized antibody marker. ANNA, anti-neuronal nuclear antibody; PCA, Purkinje cell antibody; VGCC, voltage-gated calcium channel; VGKC, voltage-gated potassium channel; CRMP, collapsing-response mediator protein; NMDAR, NMDA receptor antibody. The other antibody names refer to named protein antigens.