Table 2.

Distribution of patient and treatment characteristics in relation to recurrence of achalasia

Characteristic	n	Recurrence (n)	5-Year risk of recurrence (SE)	10-Year risk of recurrence (SE)	HR (95% CI)	p Value
Sex
Male	161	52	0.27±0.04	0.33±0.04	1.0	0.93
Female	175	59	0.29±0.04	0.37±0.04	1.02 (0.7 to 1.5)
Age (years) at onset
<21	31	23	0.64±0.9	0.72±0.09	1.0	<0.001
21–40	91	42	0.31±0.5	0.38±0.06	0.4 (0.3 to 0.7)
40–50	46	11	0.17±0.6	0.33±0.10	0.3 (0.1 to 0.5)
>50	168	35	0.21±0.3	0.24±0.04	0.2 (0.1 to 0.4)
Type of achalasia
Classic	222/288	79	0.28±0.03	0.36±0.04	1.8 (1.0 to 3.2)	0.032
Vigorous	66/288	15	0.18±0.05	0.21±0.06	1.0
Timed barium oesophagram
Oesophagus dilation yes	275/326	87	0.27±0.03	0.33±0.03	1.0	0.36
Oesophagus dilation no	51/326	21	0.31±0.07	0.37±0.07	1.3 (0.8 to 2.0)
Manometry before treatment
LOS pressure ≤10 mm Hg	10/282	3	0.29±0.18	0.29±0.18	1.0	0.91
LOS pressure >10 mm Hg	272/282	88	0.25±0.28	0.32±0.03	0.9 (0.3 to 3.0)
Obliteration balloon's waist
Yes	217/327	45	0.16±0.03	0.19±0.03	1.0	<0.001
No	110/327	62	0.48±0.05	0.60±0.05	3.6 (2.4 to 5.3)
Balloon diameter
Consistent (40 mm)	212	70	0.24±0.03	0.32±0.04	1.0	0.63
Incremental (30–35–40 mm)	63	16	0.27±0.07	0.37±0.09	1.1 (0.6 to 1.9)
Other	61	25	0.39±0.06	0.42±0.07	1.3 (0.8 to 2.0)
Manometry 3 months after treatment
LOS pressure ≤10 mm Hg	82/251	15	0.17±0.04	0.19±0.05	1.0	0.03
LOS pressure >10 mm Hg	169/251	61	0.25±0.03	0.33±0.04	1.9 (1.1 to 3.3)
Total	336	111	0.28±0.03	0.34±0.03

HR were calculated in univariate Cox regression analysis.

LOS, lower oesophageal sphincter.