Figure 6.

Vascular injury is greater in diabetes. (A) Occurrence of macroscopic intracerebral bleeding was significantly higher in diabetes compared with control and was reduced by chronic minocycline treatment. (B) ELISA measurements of hemoglobin show significant increase in hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in diabetes and a vasoprotective effect of minocycline and metformin. There was a disease and treatment interaction showing minocycline preventing HT in diabetes but no effect on control animals. (C) Edema was significantly higher in diabetes compared with control and both metformin and minocycline reduced it. Minocycline had no effect on edema in control animals, indicating a disease/treatment interaction. Mean±s.e.m., n=6 to 11, ^*P<0.05 versus C, ^**P=0.001 versus D. ^***P=0.0009 and ^****P=0.0024 are disease/treatment interaction for minocycline. C, control; D, diabetes; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.