Table 1.
Summary of the findings of previous studies that analyse in the same population risk factors for atopic or non atopic asthma/wheezing in children
| Author, outcome, age group and study sample | Studied Variables | Atopic asthma/wheezing | Non atopic asthma/wheezing | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atopic asthma vs atopic non-asthma | Atopic asthma vs non-asthma irrespective of atopy | Atopic asthma vs non-atopic non-asthma | Non-atopic asthma vs non-atopic non-asthma | Non-atopic asthma" vs non-asthma irrespective of atopy | ||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) or mean (sd) when indicated | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) or mean (sd) when indicated | ||
| Rönmark et al, 1999 (7) | Male gender | 1.62 (1.03-2.54) | ||||
| "ever asthma" in 7-8 year olds 3,141 participants (2,149 skin tested) | Family history of asthma | 2.95 (1.81-4.81) | 3.63 (2.33-5.66) | |||
| Dampness at home | 1.78 (1.10-2.89) | |||||
| Mother smoker | 1.67 (1.04-2.68) | |||||
| Breast-feeding <3 months | 1.80 (1.11-2.92) | |||||
| Pets at home | 0.60 (0.36-0.98) | |||||
| Braun-Fahrländer et al, 2002 (20) asthma in 6-13 year olds | Endotoxin load | 0.52 (0.25-1.07)c | 1.00 (0.46-2.21)e | |||
| (units/m2 of mattress surface) | 0.64 (0.33-1.25)d | 1.82 (1.04-3.18)f | ||||
| 812 participants | Prevalence of outcome according to farming status | |||||
| Farming | 3.1 (1.2-5.0)g | 1.6 (0.2-2.9)i | ||||
| 4.7 (2.4-7.0)h | 1.6 (0.2-2.9)l | |||||
| Non farming | 5.9 (3.8-8.0)g | 2.6 (1.2-5.0)i | ||||
| 5.9 (3.8-8.0)h | 6.1 (4.0-8.2)l | |||||
| Priftanji et al, 2002 (8) | Mother had asthma | 2.45 (1.06-5.66) | ||||
| asthmatic symptoms in 20-44 year olds | Mother smoked | 2.66 (1.35-5.26) | ||||
| 717 participants | Subject ever smoked | 1.98 (1.17-3.35) | ||||
| García-Marcos et al, 2005 (9) current wheezing in 9-12 year olds 2,720 participants | Male gender | 1.53 (1.09-2.14) | ||||
| Paternal or maternal asthma | 2.16 (1.44-3.22) | 1.74 (1.17-2.58) | ||||
| Mother smoker (1st year) | 2.66 (1.13-6.25) | |||||
| Mould stains currently | ||||||
| Kelley et al, 2005 (10) asthma in 6-16 year olds | Mean PIR (Poverty/Income ratio)m | 2.0 vs 2.2 (P < 0.5) | ||||
| 5,244 participants | Mean education level of adult respondent (years) | 12.4 vs 12.0 (P < 0.5) | 12.2 vs 12.0 (P < 0.5) | |||
| Mean BMI percentile | 68.5 vs 57.7 (P < 0.5) | |||||
| Janson et al, 2007 (11) asthma, 13-14 year olds | BMI (per 5 units increase) | 1.62 (1.06-2.48) | 1.55 (1.02-2.36) | |||
| 901 participants | Parental asthma | 2.16 (1.12-4.18) | 2.35 (1.23-4.52) | |||
| Early life infections | ||||||
| Otitis (≥5/year) | 1.99 (1.02-3.88) | |||||
| Croup | 2.80 (1.44-5.43) | |||||
| Cat or dog as infant | 2.17 (1.16-4.04) | |||||
| Window pane condensation | 2.45 (1.11-5.40) | |||||
| Dirty school | 2.50 (1.28-4.89) | |||||
| De Meer et al, 2009 (12) recent wheeze in 8-13 year olds 1,547 participants | High parental education | 0.89 (0.60-1.31) | 0.65 (0.43-0.99) | |||
| Kurukulaaratchy et al, 2010 (13) wheeze at 10 years of age 1,373 participants (1,036 skin tested) | Maternal asthma | 4.08 (1.85-9.00) | ||||
| Recurrent chest infection at 2 years | 3.99 (1.78-8.92) | |||||
| Sibling asthma | 2.10 (1.04-4.23) | |||||
| Eczema at 1 year | 2.80 (1.01-7.80) | |||||
| Rhinitis at 4 years | 4.74 (1.61-13.47) | |||||
| Male gender | 2.73 (1.36-5.48) | |||||
| Moncayo et al, (6) recent wheeze in 6-16 year olds 3,960 participants (3,821 skin tested) | Male gender | 2.73 (1.44-5.16) | ||||
| Heavy T. trichiura infection | 0.24 (0.09-0.63) | |||||
| Watching TV > 3 hrs/day | 1.51 (1.06-2.16) | |||||
| Maternal allergic diseases | 3.24 (2.42-4.32) | |||||
| Birth order ≥4 | 0.71 (0.57-0.88) | |||||
| Age ≥ 13 years | 0.39 (0.25-0.62) | |||||
a OR (95% CI) for the occurrence of atopic asthma
b OR (95% CI) for the occurrence of non-atopic asthma
c OR (95% CI) for the occurrence of atopic asthma with increase of endotoxine load from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile (children non farming households)
d OR (95% CI) for the occurrence of atopic wheeze with increase of endotoxine load from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile (children non farming households)
e OR (95% CI) for the occurrence of non-atopic asthma with increase of endotoxine load from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile (children non farming households)
f OR (95% CI) for the occurrence of non-atopic wheeze with increase of endotoxine load from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile (children non farming households)
g atopic asthma
h atopic wheeze
i non-atopic asthma
l non-atopic wheeze
m ratio of income to the family's appropriate poverty threshold (US Census Bureau).