Table 1.
Variance estimates and selection differentials for agonistic and affiliative social network measures
| Proportion of variance |
LRS |
Longevity |
|||||||||
| Trait | Description | Mean (SD) | N1 | Additive genetic | Permanent environment | Social group | N2 | S | C | S | C |
| Agonistic | |||||||||||
| Out-degree | Direct, initiated | 2.030 (2.922) | 367 (152) | 0.017 (0.050) | 0.257 (0.074) | 0.078 (0.040) | 256 (118) | 0.401 (0.082) | −0.003 (0.001) | 0.159 (0.069) | −0.003 (0.001) |
| In-degree | Direct, received | 1.256 (1.393) | 367 (152) | 0.112 (0.068) | 0.033 (0.061) | 0.161 (0.049) | 256 (118) | 0.07 (0.066) | −0.003 (0.003) | −0.006 (0.054) | 0 (0.002) |
| Expansiveness | Direct, initiated | 0.253 (1.250) | 214 (102) | 0 | 0.100 (0.081) | 0.033 (0.060) | 136 (90) | 0.374 (0.091) | −0.006 (0.006) | 0.189 (0.069) | 0.002 (0.005) |
| Attractiveness | Direct, received | −0.154 (0.815) | 217 (107) | 0.177 (0.093) | 0 | 0 | 143 (92) | −0.243 (0.07) | −0.019 (0.009) | −0.039 (0.057) | −0.004 (0.007) |
| Betweenness | Indirect | 3.133 (6.708) | 367 (152) | 0 | 0.130 (0.053) | 0.019 (0.033) | 256 (118) | 0.322 (0.075) | −0.001 (0.001) | 0.177 (0.066) | 0 (0.001) |
| Embeddedness | Direct and indirect | 1.711 (1.446) | 367 (152) | 0.066 (0.065) | 0.155 (0.070) | 0.233 (0.057) | 256 (118) | 0.302 (0.079) | −0.001 (0.002) | 0.084 (0.063) | −0.004 (0.002) |
| Affiliative | |||||||||||
| Out-degree | Direct, initiated | 2.589 (2.830) | 367 (152) | 0.080 (0.070) | 0.240 (0.080) | 0.030 (0.030) | 256 (118) | 0.263 (0.078) | −0.002 (0.001) | 0.039 (0.065) | −0.001 (0.001) |
| In-degree | Direct, received | 2.447 (2.391) | 367 (152) | 0.106 (0.065) | 0.085 (0.069) | 0.054 (0.037) | 256 (118) | 0.191 (0.07) | −0.005 (0.001) | 0.066 (0.055) | 0 (0.001) |
| Expansiveness | Direct, initiated | −0.072 (1.263) | 268 (120) | 0 | 0.037 (0.058) | 0.153 (0.073) | 179 (102) | 0.111 (0.073) | 0 (0.005) | 0.016 (0.063) | −0.003 (0.004) |
| Attractiveness | Direct, received | −0.185 (1.184) | 268 (107) | 0.078 (0.058) | 0 | 0.067 (0.060) | 170 (100) | −0.081 (0.079) | −0.001 (0.006) | −0.039 (0.062) | 0.009 (0.004) |
| Betweenness | Indirect | 2.301 (4.726) | 367 (152) | 0 | 0.136 (0.054) | 0.082 (0.039) | 256 (118) | 0.218 (0.073) | −0.002 (0.001) | 0.039 (0.062) | 0 (0.001) |
| Embeddedness | Direct and indirect | 2.371 (2.292) | 367 (152) | 0.087 (0.067) | 0.163 (0.074) | 0.110 (0.046) | 256 (118) | −0.12 (0.064) | 0.002 (0.002) | −0.006 (0.051) | 0.003 (0.001) |
Each network trait was classified as direct (measure based solely on interactions including the individual) or indirect (measure based on interactions of others, the individual's position in the network, or attributes of the total network) and as initiated or received. Univariate animal models were used to estimate the proportion of variation (±SD) attributed to additive genetic factors (h2), permanent environment, and social group using a sample size of N1 [total number of observations (number of unique individuals)]. Directional (S) and nonlinear (C) selection differentials were estimated in bivariate animal models of sample size N2. Bivariate models included LRS and longevity as fitness proxies. All significant results (P > 0.05) are indicated in bold.