Influence of saquinavir and saq-NO on P-gp activity. (A) Flow cytometric analysis of R123 accumulation in the P-gp-expressing cell lines UKF-NB-3rVCR10 and UKF-NB-3MDR1. Cells were incubated with 1 µM R123. Verapamil 10 µM (vpl) was used as a positive control. Saquinavir (saq) and saq-NO were tested at concentrations of 20, 10, and 5 µM, respectively. *P < .05 compared with R123. (B) Flow cytometric analysis of washout kinetics for R123 in UKF-NB-3rVCR10 or UKF-NB-3MDR1 cells. Cells were incubated with 1 µM R123 for 1 hour, together with 10 µM verapamil (positive control), 10 µM saquinavir, or 10 µM saquinavir-NO. R123 specific fluorescence was measured at FL1 channel after different time points (t0, t5, t15, t30, t60, and t120 minutes): (-●-) 1 µM R123, (-○-) 10 µM verapamil, (-▾-) 10 µM saquinavir, (-▵-) 10 µM saq-NO. (C) P-gp-ATPase activity after incubation with 10 µM verapamil (vpl; positive control), 10 µM saquinavir (saq), or 10 µM saq-NO. *P < .05 compared with untreated control (ctrl). All data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments.