Table 4.

Karyotype and temperature effects on knockout temperature.

Source of variation	d.f.	Mean Square	F	P
Covariate (water bath)	1	101.377	25.87	< 0.001
Karyotype (κ)	5	4.295	0.57	0.724
${\text{O}}_{\text{st}}/{\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}$	1	11.598	1.52	0.228
${\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}/{\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}$	2	0.016	0.002	0.998
${\text{O}}_{\text{st}}/{\text{O}}_{\text{st}},{\text{ O}}_{\text{st}}/{\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}$, ${\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}/{\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}$	2	4.872	0.64	0.536
additive effect	1	0.015	0.001	0.965
dominance effect	1	8.632	1.13	0.296
Cross ⊂ κ	30	7.641	1.95	0.002
Temperature (τ)	1	107.075	27.33	< 0.001
Sex (ς)	1	180.874	46.16	< 0.001
κ × τ	5	7.576	1.93	0.087
κ × ς	5	8.777	2.24	0.049
τ × ς	1	1.650	0.42	0.517
κ × τ × ς	5	2.329	0.59	0.704
Error	654	3.918

Flies raised from outbred crosses of Drosophila subobscura reared at 18°C and 22°C. Karyotypes being compared are O_st/O_st, O₃₊₄/O₃₊₄, O₃₊₄₊₈/O₃₊₄₊₈, O_st/O₃₊₄₊₈, and O₃₊₄/O₃₊₄₊₈. ${\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}$ stands for O₃₊₄ + O₃₊₄₊₈. (⊂ means "nested in".)