Table 4. Non-pharmacological CAM Use in Participants with Diabetes by Ethnicity.

CAM	N (%)
	Caucasians 446 (56.0)	African Americans 44 (5.5)	Hispanics 90 (11.3)	Native Americans 63 (7.9)	Asians 98 (12.3)	Pacific Islanders/Other 56 (7.0)	P value
Non-pharmacological CAM:*	373 (83.6)	37 (84.1)	73 (81.1)	45 (71.4)	69 (70.4)	42 (75.0)	0.02
Acupuncture	31 (7.0)	2 (4.6)	1 (1.1)	4 (6.4)	6 (6.1)	2 (3.6)	0.33
Aromatherapy*	15 (3.4)	3 (6.8)	3 (3.3)	6 (9.5)	1 (1.0)	0 (0.0)	0.04
Chiropractic*	81 (18.2)	3 (6.8)	9 (10.0)	7 (11.1)	12 (12.2)	4 (7.1)	0.04
Exercise	301 (67.5)	33 (75.0)	64 (71.1)	37 (58.7)	60 (61.2)	36 (64.3)	0.35
Healer	4 (0.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.1)	4 (6.4)	2 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0.06
Homeopathy	12 (2.7)	1 (2.3)	5 (5.6)	2 (3.2)	3 (3.1)	0 (0.0)	0.53
Hypnosis	3 (0.7)	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.58
Massage	92 (20.6)	5 (11.4)	12 (13.3)	8 (12.7)	18 (18.4)	9 (16.1)	0.30
Medicine Man / Woman†	12 (2.7)	3 (6.8)	8 (8.9)	6 (9.5)	2 (2.0)	2 (3.6)	0.01
Physiotherapy	6 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.0)	0 (0.0)	0.97
Prayer/Meditationˆ	184 (41.3)	19 (43.2)	20 (22.2)	23 (36.5)	23 (23.5)	19 (33.9)	0.001
Relaxation	65 (14.6)	9 (20.5)	7 (7.8)	11 (17.3)	6 (6.1)	8 (14.3)	0.07
Special diet	125 (28.0)	12 (27.3)	32 (35.6)	19 (30.2)	22 (22.5)	14 (25.0)	0.49
Yoga	25 (5.6)	4 (9.1)	6 (6.7)	3 (4.7)	2 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0.16

^*p <0.05;

^†p ≤ 0.01;

^ˆp ≤0.001