NG activation by PgsA. A, E. coli IY28-pT75-tacP-NG cells were transformed either with a plain vector (NG) or PgsA (NG+pgsA(+tRNAs)) and plated with (as a control) or without arabinose, the FtsY inducer. B, overnight cultures were grown with arabinose, washed four times, and diluted in LB broth without arabinose. Growth was followed by measuring the optical density of the cultures.