Figure 4.

NcRNAs act as transcription regulators via diverse mechanism. (A) Antisense ncRNA from tumor suppressor gene (TSG) induces DNA and repressive histone methylation on the promoter of TSG. (B) NcRNA generated from an alternative transcription start site (TSS) plays either a repressive or activating role by modulating the recruitment of general transcription factors on the promoter of its adjacent gene. (C) NcRNA NEAT1 is specifically expressed in paraspeckles and colocalized with paraspeckle markers (PSF, p54/nrb, PSP1, PSP2 and CFI(m)/68). Knockdown of NEAT1 by specific siRNA disrupts paraspeckles, whereas overexpression of NEAT1 increases the number of paraspeckles. (D) NcRNA NRON prevents nuclear localization of the transcription factor NFAT.