Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| Demographic variables: | |
|---|---|
| Mean age, SD, years | 45.1 (14.40) |
| Education level | |
| ≤12 years, n, % | 34 (11.6%) |
| 13-15 years, n, % | 81 (27.6%) |
| 16 years, n, % | 77 (26.2%) |
| > 16 years, n, % | 102 (34.7%) |
| Gender, n, male, % | 197 (68.2) |
| Ethnicity, n, white, % | 241 (82.0) |
| Number employed, % | 192 (65.5) |
| Number student, % | 26 (8.9) |
| Married, n, yes, % | 153 (55.8) |
| Medical variables: | |
| Current tobacco use, n, % | 32 (11.0) |
| Mean number of medical co-morbidities (0-4), SD | 2.0 (1.34) |
| Current NSAID use, n, % | 136 (46.6) |
| Current biologic therapy, n, % | 132 (45.2) |
| Mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate mm/hr, SD | 14.9 (16.0) |
| Mean disease duration, SD, years | 21.2 (13.85) |
| Mean Bath AS Radiographic Index (BASRI) score (1.5-16), SD | 6.5 (4.27) |
| Mean frequency of exercise/week, SD | 3.12 (2.34) |
| Performance of back stretching or strengthening exercises, n, % | 188 (63.9) |
| Physical therapy in the past 4 months, n, % | 25 (8.5) |
| Psychological variables: | |
| Mean resilience coping (BRCS) score (0-20), SD | 16.1 (3.33) |
| Mean arthritis internality score (6-36), SD | 25.7 (5.94) |
| Mean arthritis helplessness score (5-25), SD | 12.4 (4.41) |
| Mean sepression (PHQ-9) score (0-27), SD | 5.1 (5.01) |
| Mean active coping score (7-35), SD | 22.7 (5.22) |
| Mean passive coping score (11-55), SD | 25.6 (7.45) |
n = 294. PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire; SD = standard deviation.