FIG. 4.

Viability images of hASC-seeded electrodes after 30 min exposure to sinusoidal electric fields of 0 (control, a), 1 (b), 10 (c), 100 (d), or 1000 (e) V/cm at 1 Hz. hASCs were viable up to electric field magnitudes of 10 V/cm. At electric fields of 100 V/cm or higher, cell detachment was seen with large regions of cells removed from the electrode (as indicated by arrow). After exposure to 1000 V/cm at 1 Hz for 30 min, hASC viability was completely compromised. Live cells = green; dead cells = red. Scale bar = 200 μm. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/ten.