hASC proliferation after 7 and 14 days in vitro with electric field stimulation of 0 (control), 1, 3, or 5 V/cm at 1 Hz for 4 h/day. At day 7, the 5 V/cm treatment (group B) stimulated proliferation to a significantly greater extent (p < 0.05) than 0, 1, or 3 V/cm (groups A). By day 14, hASC proliferation was not affected by electric field treatments of 0, 1, 3, or 5 V/cm (groups C). Values of groups not connected by same letter are significantly different (p < 0.05).