Table 2.
Mean distances from English (standard deviations are given in parentheses) for an alphabetical listing of the 17 languages in Experiment 2 (English listeners) and Experiment 3 (Dutch, Mandarin, Turkish, and Korean listeners).
| Language | English listeners (n=23) | Dutch listeners (n=20) | Mandarin listeners (n=16) | Turkish listeners (n=13) | Korean listeners (n=6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amharic | 11.1 (4.7) | 11.9 (3.4) | 11.1(4.2) | 11.2(3.5) | 10.0(4.8) |
| Arabic | 13.4 (3.5) | 14.0 (2.3) | 12.8(3.8) | 13.4(3.8) | 10.5(4.2) |
| Cantonese | 14.8 (2.4) | 15.5 (2.2) | 15.3(2.6) | 9.5(3.9) | 12.5(1.9) |
| Catalan | 4.4 (3.4) | 8.2 (3.1) | 8.0(3.0) | 6.8(3.5) | 7.0(3.9) |
| Croatian | 6.3 (2.8) | 9.9 (3.3) | 10.3(2.5) | 6.5(3.0) | 9.2(4.0) |
| Dutch | 4.2 (3.5) | 5.1 (3.5) | 6.9(3.6) | 4.5(3.9) | 4.8(2.5) |
| Galician | 5.2 (3.2) | 7.1 (2.8) | 6.8(3.3) | 7.3(2.6) | 7.7(3.7) |
| Hausa | 7.0 (3.1) | 9.6 (3.1) | 11.7(3.9) | 7.8(3.9) | 10.7(3.5) |
| Hebrew | 10.6 (3.8) | 13.2 (2.2) | 13.4(3.4) | 6.0(3.6) | 11.3(3.6) |
| Hungarian | 8.6 (3.3) | 9.4 (4.2) | 5.2(4.2) | 8.1(4.2) | 6.2(4.7) |
| Japanese | 9.0 (3.8) | 12.4 (3.9) | 14.3(2.4) | 6.0(4.8) | 13.7(1.8) |
| Korean | 8.9 (4.1) | 10.0 (4.6) | 13.3(3.4) | 10.0(5.0) | 13.7(2.1) |
| Persian | 9.7 (3.1) | 11.9 (3.6) | 8.6(3.9) | 10.2(4.0) | 8.8(3.4) |
| Sindhi | 11.9 (4.4) | 11.6 (4.2) | 10.7(3.7) | 7.2(4.4) | 9.0(5.0) |
| Slovene | 9.1 (4.5) | 8.6 (4.9) | 8.0(4.6) | 3.2(2.5) | 7.2(3.8) |
| Swedish | 6.5 (3.3) | 7.9 (3.9) | 5.3(3.2) | 3.9(3.6) | 3.8(2.3) |
| Turkish | 7.9 (3.4) | 11.0 (3.0) | 6.3(2.8) | 6.7(3.8) | 6.7(3.7) |