Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics per study group.
| SAP | UAP | AMI | CON | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total participants | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| Age (mean years ± SD) | 63.6 (10.5) | 65.3 (13.0) | 59.5 (12.6) | 65.0 (9.5) | NS |
| Male (%) | 28 (93.3) | 16 (55.1) | 24 (80.0) | 19 (63.3) | .004 |
| Smoking (%) | 7 (23.3) | 5 (16.7) | 13 (43.3) | 4 (13.3) | .034 |
| Exercise (%) | 14 (46.7) | 15 (50.0) | 8 (26.7) | 22 (73.3) | .004 |
| Alcohol use (U/day ± SD) | 0.7 (1.3) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.9) | 1.3 (1.1) | NS |
| Family history for CVD (%) | 26 (86.7) | 18 (60.0) | 14 (46.7) | 19 (63.3) | .013 |
| Diabetes (%) | 3 (10.0) | 7 (23.3) | 1 (3.3) | 3 (10.0) | NS |
| Beta-blocker use (%) | 30 (100.0) | 15 (50.0) | 12 (40.0) | 5 (16.7) | <.001 |
| Statin use (%) | 26 (86.7) | 18 (60.0) | 12 (40.0) | 6 (20.0) | <.001 |
| Aspirin use (%) | 13 (43.3) | 14 (46.7) | 12 (40.0) | 1 (3.3) | .001 |
| Antidiabetica use (%) | 2 (6.7) | 5 (16.7) | 1 (3.3) | 3 (10.0) | NS |
| Cholesterol level (mmol/L ± SD) | 4.2 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.6 (1.3) | <.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L ± SD) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.4) | NS |
| LDL-C (mmol/L ± SD) | 2.1 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.1) | 3.9 (1.0) | 3.6 (1.1) | <.001 |
| ALT (IU/L± SD) | 34 (17) | 31 (19) | 37 (22) | 26 (29) | NS |
| AST (IU/L± SD) | 26 (13) | 30 (16) | 99 (139) | 22 (11) | NS |
| Renal clearance (mL/min ± SD) | 85.8 (29.7) | 83.7 (28.2) | 93.2 (20.1) | 83.7 (26.4) | NS |
| Systolic BP (mmHg ± SD) | 131.0 (14.8) | 141.3 (22.0) | 129.7 (30.0) | 132.2 (15.6) | NS |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg ± SD) | 76.6 (7.9) | 77.5 (15.3) | 73.8 (15.4) | 82.8 (8.6) | .001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2± SD) | 26.4 (3.7) | 25.8 (2.9) | 27.1 (3.5) | 26.4 (3.9) | NS |
| Troponin-T (μg/L ± SD) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.21 (0.13) | 2.08 (0.73) | 0.00 (0.00) | .003 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 154.0 (107.5) | 148.3 (141.3) | 639.6 (913.8) | 116.1 (47.4) | <.001 |
Exercise is defined as a significant rise in heart rate for more than 30 minutes and at least once a week. Abbreviations: (NS) nonsignificant parameters, standard deviation (SD), units (U), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and blood pressure (BP).