Figure 1.

Adoptive cell therapy using CAR engineered T cells. T cells from the peripheral blood of a patient with chronic hepatitis B is obtained, ex vivo stimulated to proliferate, engineered with HBV specific CAR by retro- or lentiviral gene transfer, amplified to therapeutic numbers and readministered by i.v. infusion to the patient along with low dose IL-2. To allow homeostatic expansion of adoptively transferred T cells, patient may be pretreated by nonmyeloablative lymphodepletion with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. T cell application may be performed repetitively using the same batch of ex vivo CAR engineered T cells.