(A, B) These two panels depict competing hypotheses about the nature of conflict and error likelihood effects. If the two effects are independent, then the results in panel D should look like panel A. If conflict reflects underlying error likelihood computations, then panel D should look like panel B. (C) RT effects as a function of both current and previous trial conditions, restricted to trials where both previous and current responses were correct trials, and the previous trial was a Go trial. The legend depicts current trial conditions, and the āpā prefix on the horizontal axis denotes previous trial conditions. (D) Effects of previous trial effects on current trial RT, where previous and current trials are correct Go trials. Panel D is consistent with the hypothesis represented in panel A but not panel B.