Table 3.
Adjusted Geometric Mean Hormone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) Concentrations and 95% Confidence Intervals by Measures of Alcohol Consumption in a Nationally-Representative Sample of Adult Men in NHANES III
| Total Testosterone (ng/mL) | Total Estradiol (pg/mL) | SHBG (nmol/L) | Androstanediol glucuronide (ng/mL) | Free Testosterone (ng/mL) | Free Estradiol (pg/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geometric mean (95% CI) | Geometric mean (95% CI) | Geometric mean (95% CI) | Geometric mean (95% CI) | Geometric mean (95% CI) | Geometric mean (95% CI) | |
| Usual alcohol intake (drinks)* (n=1,236) | ||||||
| 0 | 5.16 (4.96, 5.36) | 37.0 (35.6, 38.4) | 35.5 (34.2, 36.9) | 11.8 (10.5, 13.3) | 0.102 (0.098, 0.106) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) |
| <1/month | 5.26 (5.06, 5.47) | 35.5 (34.2, 36.9) | 34.8 (33.5, 36.2) | 11.7 (11.0, 12.4) | 0.105 (0.101, 0.110) | 0.90 (0.87, 0.94) |
| 1 to 3/month | 5.26 (5.06, 5.47) | 34.5 (33.1, 35.8) | 33.8 (31.2, 36.5) | 12.2 (11.3, 13.2) | 0.106 (0.102, 0.111) | 0.89 (0.85, 0.92) |
| 1 to 6/week | 5.37 (5.26, 5.47) | 35.9 (34.5, 37.3) | 34.5 (32.5, 36.6) | 12.2 (11.3, 13.2) | 0.108 (0.103, 0.112) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) |
| ≥1/day | 5.42 (5.11, 5.74) | 36.2 (34.2, 38.4) | 31.5 (29.1, 34.1) | 12.4 (10.6, 14.5) | 0.110 (0.103, 0.116) | 0.96 (0.91, 1.02) |
| p-trend | 0.08 | 0.99 | 0.01 | 0.52 | 0.06 | 0.21 |
| Alcohol (grams/day)† (n=1,275) | ||||||
| 0 | 5.21 (5.11, 5.31) | 35.9 (34.5, 37.3) | 34.8 (34.1, 35.5) | 11.8 (11.2, 12.5) | 0.104 (0.102, 0.106) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.95) |
| 0.1 to 13.9 | 5.31 (5.11, 5.52) | 35.2 (33.2, 37.3) | 34.1 (30.9, 37.6) | 11.1 (10.1, 12.3) | 0.106 (0.100, 0.113) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.97) |
| 14.0 to 33.9 | 5.26 (5.06, 5.47) | 36.6 (35.2, 38.1) | 34.8 (32.8, 36.9) | 12.6 (10.7, 14.7) | 0.104 (0.100, 0.109) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) |
| 34 to 57.9 | 5.37 (4.96, 5.80) | 36.2 (33.5, 39.2) | 32.1 (28.9, 35.1) | 13.5 (12.5, 14.6) | 0.108 (0.099, 0.116) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.03) |
| 58+ | 5.53 (5.21, 5.86) | 36.2 (32.9, 40.0) | 34.8 (31.0, 39.2) | 12.6 (10.3, 15.3) | 0.112 (0.101, 0.123) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.03) |
| p-trend | 0.13 | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.63 |
| Heavy episodic drinking (times/year) (n=789) | ||||||
| 0 | 5.58 (5.37, 5.81) | 35.2 (33.2, 37.3) | 33.8 (32.5, 35.1) | 13.3 (12.3, 14.4) | 0.114 (0.110, 0.119) | 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) |
| 1 to 5 | 5.47 (5.26, 5.69) | 35.2 (33.2, 37.3) | 34.8 (32.8, 36.9) | 12.8 (11.4, 14.4) | 0.111 (0.107, 0.115) | 0.89 (0.85, 0.92) |
| 6 to 47 | 5.47 (5.37, 5.58) | 36.2 (34.8, 37.7) | 33.5 (31.5, 35.5) | 11.6 (10.3, 13.0) | 0.112 (0.108, 0.116) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) |
| 48 to 103 | 5.26 (4.86, 5.69) | 37.3 (34.5, 40.4) | 33.5 (30.3, 36.9) | 11.6 (10.1, 13.3) | 0.106 (0.098, 0.115) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) |
| 104+ | 5.53 (5.32, 5.75) | 36.2 (34.8, 37.7) | 32.8 (30.3, 35.5) | 12.4 (10.4, 14.8) | 0.112 (0.107, 0.120) | 0.94 (0.89, 1.00) |
| p-trend | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.72 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.09 |
Analyses were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, percent body fat, smoking status, total physical activity, and mutually adjusted for other hormones testosterone, estradiol and SHBG adjusted for each other; free testosterone adjusted for total estradiol and free estradiol adjusted for total testosterone.
*
Data from food frequency questionnaire
†
Data from 24-hour dietary recall