Table 1.

Summary of Articles Included in the Meta-analysis

Group	No.	Study	Number of		Age (y)	Number of		Duration of Illness	Medication	Scanner	Type
			Patients	Male		Controls	Male
Chronic	1	Ananth et al6	20	10	37.8	20	10	15.8	All	2.0 T	Chronic
	2	Bassitt et al37	50	38	31.7	30	21	11.4	All	1.5 T	Chronic
	3	Cooke et al38	52	40	38.4	30	24	13.9	All	1.5 T	Chronic
	4	Giuliani et al39	41	32	39	34	17	17.3	All	1.5 T	Chronic
	5	Hirao et al40	20	10	36.7	20	10	10.6	All	3 T	Chronic
	6	Hulshoff Pol et al41	159	112	35.6	158	106	12.3	All	1.5 T	Chronic
	7	Marcelis et al18	31	15	30.7	27	12	8.5	28 y	1.5 T	Chronic
	8	Martí-Bonmatí et al42	21	21	39	10	10	15	All	1.5 T	Chronic
	9	McIntosh et al13	26	13	36.9	49	23	15.3	N/A	1.5 T	Chronic
	10	Meisenzahl et al43	72	56	35.6	177	123	9.5	86.1% y	1.5 T	Chronic
	11	Neckelmann et al44	12	N/A	19–51	12	N/A	8.7	y	1.5 T	Chronic
	12	Ohnishi et al45	47	24	44.2	76	30	19.3	All	1.5 T	Chronic
	13	Paillère-Martinot et al46	20	20	29	20	20	10	18 y	1.5 T	Chronic
	14	Shapleske et al47	72	72	34.1	32	32	11.5	All	1.5 T	Chronic
	15	Sigmundsson et al48	27	26	34.9	27	25	13.9	N/A	1.5 T	Chronic
	16	Wilke et al49	48	27	33	48	27	8.59	43 y	1.5 T	Chronic
	17	Wolf et al50	28	20	33.1	14	9	5.8	27 y	1.5 T	Chronic
	18	Wright et al51	42	31	34.6	52	34	12.2	N/A	1.0 T	Chronic
	19	Yamada et al52	20	10	38.8	20	10	11.6	All	3 T	Chronic
FES	20	Chua et al10	26	12	32	38	18	0.33	None	1.5 T	First episode
	21	Douaud et al53	25	18	16.3	25	17	1.4	All	1.5 T	First episode
	22	Janssen et al26	25	19	15.4	51	35	0.29	All	1.5 T	First episode
	23	Jayakumar et al54	18	9	24.9	18	9	0.86	None	1.5 T	First episode
	24	Job et al7	34	23	21.4	36	17	N/A	N/A	1.0 T	First episode
	25	Kaspárek et al55	22	22	23.7	18	18	T20-89d	None	1.5 T	First episode
	26	Kubicki et al8	16	14	26.7	18	16	0.14	All	1.5 T	First episode
	27	Lui et al56	68	38	24.2	68	37	0.72	None	3 T	First episode
	28	Meisenzahl et al43	93	67	28.2	177	123	0.76	84.9% y	1.5 T	First episode
	29	Prasad et al25	15	a11	a24.7	12	a6	2.32	None	1.5 T	First episode
	30	Salgado-Pineda et al9	13	13	23.8	13	13	N/A	None	1.5 T	First episode
	31	Schaufelberger et al57	62	44	27.6	94	53	0.48	69% y	1.5 T	First episode
	32	Whitford et al58	31	20	19.3	30	20	<3 m	27 y	1.5 T	First episode
	33	Yoshihara et al59	18	9	15.8	18	9	1.2	17 y	1.5 T	First episode
High risk	34	Borgwardt et al14	35	22	23.7	22	13			1.5 T	PACE criteria
	35	Honea et al16	213	89	36.5	212	103			1.5 T	Siblings
	36	Job et al17	146	74	21.2	36	17			1.0 T	First- /second-degree relatives
	37	Lui et al60	10	3	41.4	10	4			3 T	Parents
	38	Marcelis et al18	32	14	35.5	27	12			1.5 T	First-degree relatives
	39	McIntosh et al61	50	25	36.4	48				1.5 T	First- /second-degree relatives
	40	McIntosh et al24	75	57	22.0	N/A				1 T	COMT gene
	41	Meisenzahl et al15	40	25	25.0	75	46			1.5 T	BSABS and PACE

Note: FES, first-episodic schizophrenia; BSABS, Bonn Scale for Assessment of Prodromal Symptoms; PACE, Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation; COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase.