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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 20.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008 Feb;162(2):169–175. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2007.27

Table 4.

Number of References to Substance Use per Song-hour by Genre

Substance Type Country Pop R&B/Hip-Hop Rap Rock All Genres
Tobacco 0.9 0 0.1 1.2 1.0 0.7
Alcohol 30.1 1.0 8.7 21.6 2.0 13.7
Marijuana 1.1 0 3.3 38.3 0.2 11.4
Other substancesa 1.6 1.0 1.8 43.4 3.6 11.4
Any substance 33.7 2.1 14.0 104.5 6.8 35.2
a

Includes cocaine, opiates, hallucinogens, prescription drugs, and nonspecific substances.