Table 1.
Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) divided according to the development of CVD during 4.9 (2.8-7.0) years of follow-up
| Non-CVD (n = 4150) | CVD (n = 371) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| median or% | IQR* | median or% | IQR* | P value | |
| Age (years) | 54 | 21 | 64 | 16 | <.0001‡ |
| Male Gender | 45.7% (1898) | 52.8% (196) | .0086 | ||
| Smoking status | <.0001† | ||||
| Ex smoker | 13.3% (553) | 20.2% (75) | |||
| Current smoker | 14.9% (620) | 21.2% (78) | |||
| Waist circumference (men, cm) | 87.5 | 12.5 | 88.0 | 11.0 | .2384 |
| Waist circumference (women, cm) | 82.5 | 13.0 | 84.5 | 13.0 | .0165 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.6 | 5.0 | 24.9 | 4.3 | .4409 |
| Duration of diabetes (Years) | 5 | 9 | 9 | 10 | <.0001‡ |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 | 25 | 141 | 25 | <.0001‡ |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 | 14 | 75 | 13 | .1313‡ |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.2 | 2.1 | 7.7 | 2.6 | <.0001‡ |
| Spot urine albumin creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) | 1.55 | 5.75 | 7.13 | 54.8 | <.0001‡ |
| eGFR (ml min-1 1.73 m-2) ξ | 109 | 39 | 93 | 41 | <.0001‡ |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.1 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 1.3 | <.0001‡ |
| ≥3.0 mmol/L | 56.1%(2330) | 69.0%(256) | <.0001† | ||
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.28 | 0.45 | 1.18 | 0.45 | <.0001‡ |
| HDL-C <1.0 in male or 1.3 in female | 23.8%(987) | 25.9%(96) | .3655† | ||
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.27 | 0.97 | 1.40 | 1.01 | .0031‡ |
| Drug use at enrolment | |||||
| Use of antihypertensive drugs at enrolment | 29.7%(1231) | 42.3%(157) | <.0001† | ||
| Drug use during follow-up | |||||
| Use of statins during follow-up | 22.7%(942) | 22.6%(84) | .9799† | ||
| Use of fibrates during follow-up | 6.41%(266) | 4.58%(17) | .1639† | ||
| Use of other lipid lowering drugs during follow-up | 0.29% (12) | 0.27% (1) | .3832 †† | ||
| Use of RAS inhibitors during follow-up | 48.9% (2029) | 62.5% (232) | <.0001† | ||
| Use of gliclazide during follow-up | 43.7% (1814) | 37.2% (138) | .0152† | ||
| Use of rosiglitazone during follow-up | 4.9% (204) | 1.6% (6) | .0038† | ||
| Use of other oral antidiabetic drugs during follow-up | 79.0% (3280) | 80.3% (298) | .5587† | ||
| Use of insulin during follow-up | 32.4%(1345) | 45.0%(167) | <.0001† | ||
| Events during follow-up | |||||
| Death during follow-up | 5.42% (225) | 27.5%(102) | <.0001† | ||
*, Median (IQR = interquartile range); †, derived from Chi-square test; ††, Derived from Fisher's exact test; ‡, derived from Wilcoxon two-sample test; ξ, eGFR = glomerular filtration rate from modified MDRD formula; ¶, including drug use at enrolment except for statins and fibrates (users at enrolment were excluded)