Table 3. Results of variance component linkage analysis with the inclusion of several drinking and smoking covariates.

A number of smoking and drinking phenotypes were analyzed by including them as covariates when modeling their relationship with SHAS. Three of these phenotypes (average number of cigarettes per day, the maximum amount drank in one day, and the average number of drinks consumed on days the subject drank) improved the overall peak LOD score compared to the model without covariates.

	covariate LOD	link+assoc LOD	variance
number of days in the last week where subject drank	2.19	5.07	0.078
amount consumed in the last 24 hours	2.82	3.68	0.028
days smoking per month in previous 6 months	3.03	4.81	0.046
cigarettes per day, on smoking days in previous 6 months	3.27	4.95	0.036
Average number of cigarettes per day	3.37	4.49	0.026
maximum amount drank in one day	3.47	6.92	0.084
Average number of drink on days they drank	3.77	6.24	0.066