Table 2.

Frequency of primary and secondary drug resistance strategies

Category	Definition and/or example(s)	PDRS (N = 420)	SDRS (N = 89)
Refuse	Saying “no” to a drug offer	88 (21.0%)	6 (6.7%)
Explain	Providing an explanation for drug refusal	76 (18.1%)	49 (55.1%)
Leave	Walking away from the drug offer situation	26 (6.2%)	16 (18.0%)
Angry refusal	Refusal with an angry tone, often laced with profanity (e.g., “Get the hell away from me!”)	70 (16.7%)	N/A
Aggressive refusal	Refusal that incorporates the threat or act of physical violence (e.g., “Get the hell away from me, or I’ll punch you in the face.”)	19 (4.5%)	3 (3.4%)
Involve Others	Incorporating another person as part of drug refusal (e.g., “I would tell my mom that he offered me drugs.”)	32 (7.6%)	6 (6.7%)
Question	Responding to a drug offer with a question (e.g., “Why are you offering me drugs?)	14 (3.3%)	N/A
Divert	Changing the topic of discussion away from drugs (e.g., “Let’s go play with my X Box 360.”)	7 (1.7%)	1 (1.1%)
Destroy	Destroying the drugs being offered in the situation	4 (1.0%)	6 (6.7%)
Ignore	Ignoring the offer of drugs in the situation	10 (2.4%)	N/A
Accepta	Accepting drugs in the situation, with the intent on using them	24 (5.7%)	N/A
Intervene	Providing a response to the drug offer which expresses caring or concern for the offerer (e.g., “I’m worried about you.”)	26 (6.2%)	1 (1.1%)
Take	Taking the drugs away from the offerer, without the intent on using them	16 (3.8%)	N/A
Don’t take	Not taking the drugs from the offerer, with the absence of overt refusal	2 (0.5%)	N/A
Sarcasm	Providing a sarcastic comment in response to the drug offer (e.g., “Sure, I’ll take it. NOT.”)	3 (0.7%)	1 (1.1%)
Other	Random responses that may not reflect drug resistance	3 (0.7%)	N/A

PDRS primary drug resistance strategy, SDRS secondary drug resistance strategy

^aAccept was included as a drug resistance strategy because multiple youth participants described how they would use “a little” to avoid further pressure to use more alcohol or drugs