Table 2.

Prevalence odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries according to chocolate consumption in 2,217 participants in the NHLBI Family Heart Study

Frequency of chocolate intake	Cases/N	Age-adjusted	Model 1*	Model 2†	Model 3‡
0	190/446	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
1-3 per month	171/512	0.95 (0.70-1.29)	0.92 (0.66-1.27)	0.94 (0.66-1.35)	0.95 (0.66-1.36)
1 per week	144/479	0.86 (0.62-1.18)	0.79 (0.55-1.11)	0.78 (0.53-1.13)	0.79 (0.54-1.15)
2+ per week	203/780	0.74 (0.56-0.99)	0.72 (0.53-0.98)	0.68 (0.48-0.97)	0.69 (0.48-0.99)
P for linear trend		0.032	0.024	0.022	0.029

^*Adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and energy intake (6 categories), using generalized estimating equations (GEE).

^†Adjusted as in model 1 plus additional adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio, education (3 groups), ratio of total-to-HDL cholesterol, alcohol consumption, non-chocolate candy (4 groups), and diabetes mellitus.

^‡Adjusted as in model 2 plus additional adjustment for study center, CHD risk group (high vs. random), body mass index, hypertension, triglycerides, currently on weight loss diet (yes/no), and exercise.