Table 1.
Participant Characteristics at Baseline (Visit 1)
| Variable | VCS Group (n= 59) | Waitlist Group (n= 57) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), yr 56,57 | 62.1 (13.6) | 59.0 (12.8) | 0.21 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) 58,56 | 0.61 | ||
| Caucasian | 37 (64) | 36 (64) | |
| African American | 20 (35) | 20 (35) | |
| Other | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Female, No. (%) 59,57 | 44 (75) | 46 (81) | 0.43 |
| Education Level, No. (%) 59,57 | 0.72 | ||
| <High School | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| High School | 10 (17) | 8 (14) | |
| Some College | 17 (29) | 17 (30) | |
| College | 18 (31) | 14 (25) | |
| Some Post-Grad | 5 (8) | 5 (9) | |
| Post-Grad | 8 (14) | 13 (23) | |
| Income, No. (%) | 0.52 | ||
| $0–$20,000 | 16 (27) | 11 (19) | |
| >$20,000–$40,000 | 20 (34) | 16 (28) | |
| >$40,000–$60,000 | 11 (19) | 12 (21) | |
| >$60,000 | 11 (19) | 16 (28) | |
| No answer | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | |
| Relationship to care recipient, No. (%) | 0.03* | ||
| Spouse | 30 (51) | 17 (30) | |
| Child | 22 (37) | 36 (63) | |
| Other | 7 (12) | 4 (7) | |
| (coding responses of “Parent” in the Child category as a confused response) | |||
| Resides with patient, No. (%) | 50 (85) | 37 (65) | 0.01 |
| Depression (CES-D), mean (SD) 58,55 | 18.7 (10.6) | 14.4 (9.6) | 0.03 |
| Self Efficacy (CGSE), mean (SD) | |||
| 1. Obtaining respite 54,45 | 53.8 (29.9) | 61.9 (30.1) | 0.19 |
| 2. Responding 51,49 | 67.4 (24.4) | 69.8 (27.4) | 0.65 |
| 3. Controlling thoughts 55,52 | 59.2 (22.9) | 63.1 (23.1) | 0.38 |
| Anxiety, (STAI) mean (SD) | |||
| State 58,54 | 41.9 (11.1) | 37.3 (12.5) | 0.04 |
| Trait 58,55 | 41.6 (10.3) | 38.4 (11.1) | 0.10 |
| Anger, (STAXI) mean (SD) | |||
| State 58,55 | 21.7 (8.5) | 21.0 (8.8) | 0.65 |
| Trait 58,55 | 27.2 (7.3) | 26.0 (8.0) | 0.43 |
| Hostility (Ho), mean (SD) 58,55 | 9.1 (4.7) | 8.3 (5.0) | 0.35 |
| Perceived Stress (PSS), mean (SD) 58,54 | 21.5 (6.7) | 19.1 (7.2) | 0.08 |
| Sleep Disturbance (PSQI), mean (SD) 50,51 | 8.2 (3.0) | 7.4 (3.9) | 0.27 |
| Resting Blood Pressure, mean (SD) 57,57 | |||
| SBP | 124.0 (20.0) | 117.1 (16.9) | 0.05 |
| DBP | 71.3 (9.5) | 67.8 (8.5) | 0.05 |
| Resting Heart Rate, mean (SD) | 67.1 (11.1) | 69.5 (11.0) | 0.25 |
| Cortisol, mean (SEM) | 3.0 (0.2) | 3.3 (0.2) | 0.33 |
Note: CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CGSE: Revised Scale for Caregiver Self-efficacy; STAI: Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAXI: Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory; Ho: Cook-Medley Hostility Scale; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure.
*
Comparing Spouse vs. Child/Other