Table 1.
| a: Participant characteristics by quartiles of leisure and work-related physical activity measures. | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEISURE INDEX | WORK INDEX | |||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
| (1.25–2.00) | (2.10–2.25) | (2.26–2.75) | (2.76–5.00) | (0.88–1.00) | (1.01–1.75) | (1.76–2.63) | (2.64–5.00) | |
| n = 4537 | n = 2157 | n = 3607 | n = 2191 | n = 5492 | n = 926 | n = 3019 | n = 3025 | |
| Characteristic | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| Male | 1962 (43) | 958 (44) | 1598 (44) | 957 (44) | 3370 (61) | 471 (51) | 1454 (48) | 1501 (50)** |
| History of hypertension | 2033 (45) | 835 (39) | 1350 (37) | 733 (33)** | 2493 (45) | 363 (39) | 1000 (33) | 1090 (36)** |
| Prevalent coronary heart disease | 189 (4) | 82 (4) | 139 (4) | 86 (4) | 293 (5) | 40 (4) | 79 (3) | 76 (3)** |
| Smoking, current | 971 (21) | 369 (17) | 526 (15) | 281 (13)** | 922 (17) | 137 (15) | 440 (15) | 638 (21) |
| Education, post secondary | 3264 (72) | 1778 (82) | 3002 (83) | 1833 (84)** | 4086 (74) | 717 (77) | 2720 (90) | 2200 (73)** |
| History of Alcohol, current drinker | 2150 (47) | 1156 (54) | 1972 (55) | 1208 (55)** | 2586 (47) | 474 (51) | 1831 (61) | 1466 (49)* |
| Diabetes | 806 (18) | 311 (14) | 481 (13) | 234 (11)** | 941 (17) | 145 (16) | 401 (13) | 373 (12)** |
| African American | 1559 (34) | 336 (16) | 507 (14) | 274 (13)** | 1059 (19) | 205 (22) | 634 (21) | 818 (27)** |
| Non-diabetic retinopathy | 199 (4) | 67 (3) | 146 (4) | 73 (3)* | 212 (4) | 36 (4) | 105 (3) | 133 (4) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 207 (5) | 61 (3) | 86 (2) | 49 (2) | 238 (4) | 28 (3) | 63 (2) | 76 (3)* |
| Arterio-venous nicking | 603 (13) | 261 (12) | 445 (12) | 291 (13) | 712 (13) | 101 (11) | 377 (13) | 377 (12) |
| Focal arteriolar narrowing | 597 (13) | 294 (14) | 457 (13) | 310 (14) | 768 (14) | 112 (12) | 374 (12) | 372 (12) |
| mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | |
| Age, years | 59.97±5.68 | 59.98±5.81 | 60.05±5.68 | 59.91±5.71 | 62.72±5.26 | 59.94±5.63 | 57.46±4.94 | 57.68±5.94** |
| SBP, mmHg | 126.14±19.81 | 123.89±18.68 | 123.43±18.02 | 122.53±18.13** | 126.52±19.74 | 123.81±19.23 | 121.50±17.36 | 123.84±18.59** |
| DBP, mmHg | 72.40±10.74 | 71.37±10.34 | 71.30±10.25 | 71.10±9.93** | 70.53±10.18 | 71.82±10.32 | 72.78±10.34 | 72.64±10.48 |
| BMI, m/kg2 | 29.31±5.98 | 28.50±5.52 | 27.08±5.16 | 27.43±4.85** | 28.39±5.64 | 28.44±5.63 | 28.47±5.42 | 28.65±5.52 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.38±0.99 | 5.35±0.96 | 5.36±0.97 | 5.38±0.96 | 5.46±1 | 5.31±0.94 | 5.29±0.94 | 5.3±0.96** |
| HDL, mg/dL | 1.33±0.46 | 1.33±0.46 | 1.34±0.46 | 1.41±0.5** | 1.36±0.48 | 1.34±0.46 | 1.35±0.48 | 1.34±0.45* |
| LDL, mg/dL | 3.31±0.9 | 3.29±0.89 | 3.29±0.89 | 3.25±0.89* | 3.33±0.91 | 3.26±0.87 | 3.24±0.88 | 3.27±0.89* |
| Trigylcerides, mg/dL | 1.61±1 | 1.61±0.97 | 1.62±0.99 | 1.6±1.22 | 1.69±1.06 | 1.56±0.88 | 1.57±1.06 | 1.52±0.98 |
| CRAE, µm | 163.02±16.64 | 162.30±16.85 | 161.56±16.70 | 162.46±16.58* | 161.94±16.72 | 161.44±17.39 | 161.76±16.58 | 163.67±16.62** |
| CRVE, µm | 195.04±17.10 | 192.73±16.50 | 191.86±16.34 | 191.32±16.33** | 192.10±17.05 | 193.34±16.67 | 192.82±16.23 | 194.69±16.67** |
| b: Participant characteristics by quartiles of sport-related physical activity measure. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPORT INDEX | ||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
| (1.00–2.00) | (2.01–2.50) | (2.51–3.00) | (3.01–5.00) | |
| n = 4563 | n = 2472 | n = 4661 | n = 753 | |
| Characteristic | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| Male | 1702 (37) | 1024 (41) | 2261 (49) | 479(64)** |
| History of hypertension | 1986 (44) | 1004 (41) | 1708 (37) | 239 (32)** |
| Prevalent coronary heart disease | 183 (4) | 88 (4) | 199 (5) | 24 (3)* |
| Smoking, current | 953 (21) | 441 (18) | 663 (14) | 79 (10)** |
| Education, post secondary | 3335 (73) | 1932 (78) | 3899 (84) | 680 (90)** |
| Alcohol, current drinker | 2053 (45) | 1230 (50) | 2659 (57) | 518 (69)** |
| Diabetes | 791 (17) | 378 (15) | 584 (13) | 67 (9)** |
| African American | 1262 (28) | 540 (22) | 781 (17) | 84 (11)** |
| Non-diabetic retinopathy | 186 (4) | 116 (5) | 157 (3) | 21 (2)* |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 187 (4) | 84 (3) | 114 (2) | 14 (2) |
| Arterio-venous nicking | 613 (13) | 349 (14) | 541 (14) | 91 (12)** |
| Focal arteriolar narrowing | 588 (13) | 350 (14) | 612 (13) | 103 (14) |
| mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | |
| Age, years | 59.41±5.60 | 60.17±5.66 | 60.43±5.75 | 59.91±5.72** |
| SBP, mmHg | 125.48±19.50 | 124.16±18.48 | 123.79±18.53 | 121.45±17.82** |
| DBP, mmHg | 72.06±10.72 | 71.41±10.49 | 71.50±10.21 | 71.64±9.92* |
| BMI, m/kg2 | 29.51±6.24 | 28.51±5.36 | 27.74±4.87 | 26.95±4.15** |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 5.38±0.99 | 5.38±0.99 | 5.36±0.95 | 5.3±0.94 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 1.34±0.46 | 1.35±0.46 | 1.35±0.48 | 1.39±0.48** |
| LDL, mg/dL | 3.3±0.9 | 3.3±0.9 | 3.29±0.87 | 3.24±0.85 |
| Trigylcerides, mg/dL | 1.63±1 | 1.63±0.96 | 1.6±1.09 | 1.49±1.07* |
| CRAE, µm | 162.59±16.74 | 162.18±16.78 | 161.99±16.69 | 162.75±16.38 |
| CRVE, µm | 194.51±17.20 | 193.31±15.57 | 191.76±16.30 | 191.61±16.07** |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.001 from test for heterogeneity across quartiles adjusted for age and gender except age and gender respectively.
SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; BMI, Body Mass Index; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; LDL, Low density Lipoprotein; CRAE, Central retinal Arteriolar Equivalent; CRVE, Central Retinal Venular Equivalent.