Table 1.
Means of the cardiometabolic variables among type 2 diabetic patients after consumption of the DASH or control diet
| Control diet* | DASH diet† | P‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 31 | 31 | |
| Weight (kg) | |||
| Baseline | 75.0 ± 1.7 | 73.4 ± 1.8 | 0.001 |
| End of trial | 72.9 ± 1.8 | 68.4 ± 1.7 | 0.001 |
| Change | −2.0 ± 0.3 | −5.0 ± 0.9 | 0.006 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | |||
| Baseline | 104.6 ± 1.9 | 103.4 ± 2.0 | 0.01 |
| End of trial | 102.7 ± 2.0 | 96.6 ± 1.9 | 0.001 |
| Change | −1.9 ± 0.4 | −6.7 ± 1.2 | 0.002 |
| SBP (mmHg) | |||
| Baseline | 137.4 ± 2.8 | 134.5 ± 3.8 | 0.39 |
| End of trial | 134.2 ± 3.1 | 120.8 ± 3.2 | 0.001 |
| Change | −3.1 ± 2.7 | −13.6 ± 3.5 | 0.02 |
| DBP (mmHg) | |||
| Baseline | 81.9 ± 2.2 | 81.8 ± 1.7 | 0.95 |
| End of trial | 81.2 ± 2.9 | 72.2 ± 2.7 | 0.01 |
| Change | −0.7 ± 3.3 | −9.5 ± 2.6 | 0.04 |
| FBG (mg/dl) | |||
| Baseline | 171.8 ± 10.9 | 160.9 ± 10.1 | 0.73 |
| End of trial | 159.0 ± 8.3 | 131.5 ± 7.3 | 0.003 |
| Change | −12.8 ± 6.7 | −29.4 ± 6.3 | 0.04 |
| A1C (%) | |||
| Baseline | 7.9 ± 1.9 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 0.19 |
| End of trial | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 6.1 ± 0.5 | 0.05 |
| Change | −0.5 ± 0.02 | −1.7 ± 0.1 | 0.04 |
| TG (mg/dl) | |||
| Baseline | 189.7 ± 19.3 | 170.7 ± 12.4 | 0.17 |
| End of trial | 178.7 ± 18.4 | 185.1 ± 13.8 | 0.53 |
| Change | −10.9 ± 6.8 | −14.4 ± 10.7 | 0.79 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | |||
| Baseline | 41.2 ± 1.0 | 41.2 ± 1.0 | 0.97 |
| End of trial | 42.5 ± 1.0 | 45.6 ± 1.1 | 0.001 |
| Change | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | |||
| Baseline | 114.7 ± 3.5 | 118.7 ± 3.6 | 0.23 |
| End of trial | 111.9 ± 4.1 | 101.5 ± 3.1 | 0.02 |
| Change | −2.7 ± 4.8 | −17.2 ± 3.5 | 0.02 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | |||
| Baseline | 213.3 ± 6.0 | 214.9 ± 5.7 | 0.80 |
| End of trial | 205.0 ± 6.6 | 192.7 ± 4.6 | 0.03 |
| Change | −8.3 ± 6.3 | −22.1 ± 5.7 | 0.11 |
Data are means ± SE.
*The control diet was a designed to control diabetes. The general recommendation for macronutrient composition of the diet was 50–60% carbohydrates; 15–20% protein and <30% total fat. The amount of simple sugar was less than 5% of calorie intake.
†The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products, and low in saturated fat, total fat, cholesterol, refined grains, and sweets. The amount of sodium intake was 2,400 mg per day.
‡P values are for comparisons between the two diet periods (general linear model). DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride.