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Methylene blue (MB) as a redox-cycling substrate for various reducing and oxidizing substances. The reducing agents such as NADPH convert MB to leucoMB, which is then oxidized by O2. Each reaction cycle, catalyzed by the MB-enzyme ensemble, leads to the consumption of NADPH and O2 and to the production of reactive oxygen species, predominantly to H2O2 (modified from Buchholz et al., 2008).
