IL is necessary for extinction memory, but not fear expression. (a) Cannula placements in IL. (b) Inactivation of IL (MUS: n=12; SAL: n=12) prior to extinction training (Day 2) did not affect conditioned freezing, but impaired the acquisition of extinction memory, as noted by higher levels of freezing during trial blocks 4–8. *p<0.05, Tukey's post hoc. During extinction retrieval (Day 3), MUS-infused rats displayed impaired extinction memory, as noted by higher levels of freezing during trial blocks 1–2. *p<0.05, Tukey's post hoc. (b, inset) Effects on suppression were similar to freezing. Inactivation did not affect suppression on trial block 1 during extinction training (Day 2). During extinction retrieval (Day 3), however, MUS-infused rats displayed a trend toward higher suppression during the first trial block. p=0.08, Student's t-test. Data are represented as group averages, and bars indicate SEM.