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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2010 Oct 19;106(1):215–224. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03129.x

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Figure 1

a. Independent pathway model for subjective effects to alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Latent variables are depicted in circles, observed variables in rectangles. Single headed arrows represent the partial regression of an observed variable on the latent factor. The variance for each observed variable was standardized to 1.0. A, indicates additive genetic influences; C, indicates shared environmental influences; E, indicates individual-specific environmental influences and includes measurement error.

b. Common pathway model for subjective effects to alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Latent variables are depicted in circles, observed variables in rectangles. Single headed arrows represent the partial regression of an observed variable on the latent factor. The variance for each observed variable was standardized to 1.0. A, indicates additive genetic influences; C, indicates shared environmental influences; E, indicates individual-specific environmental influences and includes measurement error.