Table 16.

Plasma blood glucose and A1C goals for type 1 diabetes by age-group

	Plasma blood glucose goal range (mg/dl)		A1C (%)	Rationale
	Before meals	Bedtime/overnight
Toddlers and preschoolers (0–6 years)	100–180	110–200	<8.5	Vulnerability to hypoglycemia Insulin sensitivity Unpredictability in dietary intake and physical activity A lower goal (<8.0%) is reasonable if it can be achieved without excessive hypoglycemia
School age (6–12 years)	90–180	100–180	<8	Vulnerability to hypoglycemia A lower goal (<7.5%) is reasonable if it can be achieved without excessive hypoglycemia
Adolescents and young adults (13–19 years)	90–130	90–150	<7.5	A lower goal (<7.0%) is reasonable if it can be achieved without excessive hypoglycemia
Key concepts in setting glycemic goals Goals should be individualized and lower goals may be reasonable based on benefit-risk assessment. Blood glucose goals should be modified in children with frequent hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia unawareness. Postprandial blood glucose values should be measured when there is a discrepancy between pre-prandial blood glucose values and A1C levels and to help assess glycemia in those on basal/bolus regimens.