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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesth Analg. 2010 May 10;111(5):1101–1109. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181dd9516

Table 1.

Demographic and Operative Characteristics of Enrolled Patients

Characteristics Total cohort hFABP POD 2 < post-CPB hFABP POD 2 > post-CPB
Number of subjects (%) 1298 1090 (90) 120 (10)
 Gender (% male) 82 83 73*
 Age (y) 63 (57–72) 63 (57–71) 68 (60–76)
 Caucasian race (%) 84 84 86
 Institution 1 (%) 74 74 79
Medical history
 Preoperative LVEF (%) 55 (45–60) 55 (45–60) 55 (45–60)
 Insulin or noninsulin dependent diabetes (%) 29 29 35
 Past or present smoker (%) 70 70 64
 Pulmonary disease (%) 4.6 4.5 4.2
 Preoperative creatinine (mg/dL) 1 (0.9–1.2) 1 (0.9–1.2) 1.2 (1.0–1.4)
 Preoperative hematocrit (%) 40.4 (37.2–43.6) 40.5 (37.4–43.7) 39.4 (36.1–43.1)*
 Hypertension (%) 75 74 83*
 Hypercholesterolemia (%) 74 75 72
 Previous myocardial infarction (%) 44 43 52
Preoperative medications
 ACE inhibitor (%) 46 46 45
β-Blocker (%) 77 78 71
 Ca++ antagonist (%) 14 13 18
 Aspirin (%) 76 78 66*
 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (%) 77 77 74
Surgery
 No. of CABG (%)
  1 2 2 3
  2 13 13 16
  3 45 45 43
  ≥4 40 40 38
 CPB duration (min) 94 (66–118) 93 (66–117) 100 (68–125)
 Aortic cross-clamp duration (min) 70 (46–90) 69 (46–89) 72 (49–95)
Biomarkers—preoperative
 CKMB, μg/L (median; IQR) 0.6 (0.2–1.3) 0.6 (0.2–1.3) 0.7 (0.3–1.7)*
 hFABP, μg/L (median; IQR) 4.9 (3.5–7.2) 4.7 (3.5–6.8) 7.1 (5.2–10.0)
 Myoglobin, μg/L (median; IQR) 61 (46–85) 59 (45–83) 79 (61–108)
 cTnI, μg/L (median; IQR) 0 (0–0.04) 0 (0–0.04) 0 (0–0.05)
Postoperative data
 HLOS (d) 7 (6–9) 7 (6–9) 9 (7–13)
 Mortality N (%) up to 5 y 79 (6) 51 (4.7) 22 (18.3)
 Ventricular dysfunction (%) 12 11 20*

Each variable is also listed for those patients whose hFABP level peaked at the post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time point or on postoperative day (POD) 2. Data are shown as percentage for dichotomous variables and median (25th, 75th percentiles for interquartile range [IQR]) for continuous variables. Columns 2 and 3 designate patients who have a decrease in hFABP level between POD2 and immediately post-CPB and those with an elevated hFABP on POD2 compared with immediately after CPB. Biomarker data on 88 additional patients was missing between POD 2 and post CPB.

P values are Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance by ranks for continuous data and χ2 distribution or Fisher exact for nominal and ordinal data.

LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; HMG = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CKMB = creatinine kinase MB fraction; hFABP = heart-type fatty acid binding protein; cTnI = cardiac troponin I; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; HLOS = hospital length of stay.

*

P < 0.05,

P < 0.0001 (for hFABP POD 2 > versus < post-CPB).