TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction according to fiscal year
| Patients, n | Total | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001* | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM | 19,370 | 2503 | 2629 | 2779 | 2912 | 2923 | 3298 | 2326 | |
| No DM | 58,182 | 9324 | 9244 | 8839 | 8419 | 8150 | 8278 | 5928 | |
| Demographic characteristics, % | |||||||||
| Female† | |||||||||
| DM | 41.5 | 44.1 | 42.6 | 43.3 | 39.7 | 39.8 | 41.3 | 40.5 | 0.0011 |
| No DM | 32.4 | 31.5 | 31.7 | 32.2 | 32.5 | 32.8 | 33.0 | 33.5 | 0.0008 |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | |||||||||
| DM | 69.2±11.8 | 68.3±11.4 | 68.8±11.7 | 68.6±11.8 | 69.3±11.4 | 69.5±11.8 | 69.8±11.9 | 70±12.2 | <0.0001 |
| No DM | 65.1±14.3 | 64.4±14.0 | 65.1±14.1 | 64.7±14.2 | 65.4±14.2 | 65.2±14.4 | 65.4±14.6 | 65.7±14.7 | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥75 years‡ | |||||||||
| DM | 36.4 | 31.5 | 34.6 | 34.0 | 36.1 | 38.2 | 39.2 | 40.8 | <0.0001 |
| No DM | 29.6 | 27.0 | 29.1 | 28.2 | 30.2 | 30.1 | 31.5 | 32.5 | <0.0001 |
| Medical history, %§ | |||||||||
| Heart failure | |||||||||
| DM | 14.6 | 14.3 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 15.4 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 16.6 | 0.0097 |
| No DM | 6.4 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 7.3 | <0.0001 |
| Stroke | |||||||||
| DM | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 0.3564 |
| No DM | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 0.1340 |
| Chronic renal failure | |||||||||
| DM | 15.2 | 11.6 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 14.6 | 15.7 | 18.6 | 20.0 | <0.0001 |
| No DM | 6.7 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 8.2 | 8.8 | <0.0001 |
| Acute renal failure | |||||||||
| DM | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 5.6 | <0.0001 |
| No DM | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.6872 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | |||||||||
| DM | 16.6 | 16.2 | 14.8 | 16.0 | 16.1 | 17.2 | 17.5 | 18.1 | 0.0017 |
| No DM | 9.2 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 10.2 | <0.0001 |
| Cancer | |||||||||
| DM | 6.3 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 9.0 | <0.0001 |
| No DM | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 4.2 | <0.0001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | |||||||||
| DM | 21.3 | 19.2 | 19.9 | 20.4 | 21.7 | 22.0 | 21.7 | 24.5 | <0.0001 |
| No DM | 16.4 | 15.1 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 16.8 | 18.5 | <0.0001 |
| Dementia | |||||||||
| DM | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | <0.0001 |
| No DM | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.2 | <0.0001 |
| Previous PCI | |||||||||
| DM | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.0 | <0.0001 |
| No DM | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| Hospital characteristics, % | |||||||||
| Admission to hospitals with invasive facilities | |||||||||
| DM | 19.7 | 14.2 | 21.5 | 20.5 | 21.4 | 21.6 | 20.2 | 17.1 | 0.0534 |
| No DM | 19.5 | 15.4 | 19.5 | 19.7 | 21.5 | 20.6 | 20.6 | 20.1 | <0.0001 |
| Hospital volume¶ | |||||||||
| DM | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| <50 | 6.6 | 9.4 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 7.5 | |
| 50–139 | 22.7 | 31.4 | 22.8 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 22.7 | 20.3 | 22.7 | |
| ≥140 | 70.5 | 59.2 | 71.6 | 74.0 | 74.0 | 71.1 | 73.7 | 69.8 | |
| No DM | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| <50 | 6.9 | 9.2 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 7.5 | |
| 50–139 | 24.6 | 33.4 | 23.2 | 22.5 | 21.0 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 25.0 | |
| ≥140 | 68.4 | 57.4 | 70.4 | 72.1 | 72.6 | 70.2 | 70.6 | 67.5 | |
*
From April 1, 2001, to December 31, 2001;
†
P value for diabetes-year interaction was less than 0.0001;
‡
P value for diabetes-year interaction was equal to 0.0068;
§
Conditions were identified from the index back to two years before admission. Only diagnoses that clearly indicated chronic conditions were included in the index admission (to exclude all explicit codes for complications);
¶
Number of patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction per year. PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention