TABLE 4.
Temporal changes in case fatality rate (CFR) in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM)
| Outcomes |
Age- and sex-adjusted CFR (%) and adjusted RR (95% CI) for DM vs no DM |
Change |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001* | All years | % of annual change†(95% CI) | P‡ | |
| In-hospital CFR | ||||||||||
| DM | 15.1 | 13.1 | 16.4 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 11.9 | 11.2 | 13.5 | −5.0 (−6.7 to −3.4) | 0.2820 |
| No DM | 12.2 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 10.8 | −4.1 (−5.3 to −3.0) | |
| Adjusted RR for DM vs no DM | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) | 1.05 (1.00–1.16) | 1.39 (1.27–1.53) | 1.13 (1.03–1.25) | 1.09 (1.00–1.21) | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) | 1.11 (1.00–1.25) | 1.15 (1.11–1.20) | – | 0.1488 |
| One-year CFR postdischarge | ||||||||||
| DM | 13.7 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 13.1 | −2.5 (−4.4 to −0.6) | 0.6294 |
| No DM | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 7.0 | −2.5 (−4.1 to −0.8) | |
| Adjusted RR for DM vs no DM | 1.54 (1.35–1.75) | 1.48 (1.31–1.68) | 1.45 (1.28–1.65) | 1.72 (1.52–1.96) | 1.33 (1.16–1.52) | 1.35 (1.20–1.52) | 1.45 (1.24–1.68) | 1.45 (1.38–1.52) | – | 0.7738 |
| One-year CFR | ||||||||||
| DM | 25.6 | 24.6 | 26.8 | 25.1 | 23.2 | 21.4 | 21.1 | 24.0 | −3.1 (−4.2 to −2.0) | 0.1116 |
| No DM | 18.2 | 17.6 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 15.0 | 13.9 | 16.4 | −3.1 (−4.0 to −2.2) | |
| Adjusted RR for DM vs no DM | 1.21 (1.12–1.29) | 1.17 (1.09–1.25) | 1.31 (1.23–1.40) | 1.22 (1.14–1.30) | 1.14 (1.06–1.23) | 1.16 (1.08–1.25) | 1.20 (1.10–1.30) | 1.21 (1.18–1.24) | – | 0.2361 |
*
From April 1, 2001, to December 31, 2001;
†
Annual percentage of change = 100 × [1–1/exp (β)] adjusted for age and sex from log-binomial regression;
‡
P value of diabetes-year interaction. CFR is the number of deaths/number of admitted patients; RR Relative risk adjusted for age, sex and medical history; vs Versus