TABLE 1.

WHO clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension (Dana Point, USa [revision, 2008])

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension 1.1. Idiopathic 1.2. Heritable 1.3. Drug and toxin induced 1.4. Associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: includes connective tissue diseases, HIV infection, portal hypertension, congenital heart diseases, schistosomiasis and chronic hemolytic anemia 1.5. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn 1′. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis 2. Pulmonary hypertension owing to left heart disease including systolic or diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, and valvular disease 3. Pulmonary hypertension owing to lung diseases and/or hypoxia: includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, sleep-disordered breathing and other conditions 4. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension 5. Pulmonary hypertension with unclear or multifactorial mechanisms: includes myeloproliferative disorders, splenectomy, sarcoidosis, fibrosing mediastinitis and other conditions

Data from reference 175