Fig. 6.

Oleate, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and FB1 ameliorated palmitate-mediated inhibition of insulin-induced Akt (Ser⁴⁷³) phosphorylation in skeletal muscle cells. A and B: L6 myotubes were exposed to the indicated concentrations of palmitate, oleate, or o/p mix for 16 h and then serum starved for 2 h and incubated in the presence or absence of 100 nM insulin for 15 min. Total cell lysates were isolated and analyzed by Western blot analysis with the indicated antibodies. A: representative blots from at least 3 independent experiments are shown. B: the values from densitometry from at least 3 (p-Akt) independent experiments were normalized to the level of total Akt and expressed as fold of difference after addition of insulin compared with the corresponding untreated controls ± SE (n ≥ 3). *P < 0.001. C: L6 myotubes were incubated with 1 mM palmitate (P) alone or with 1 mM palmitate in the presence of either 5 mM NAC or 50 μM FB1. Western blot analysis was performed using p-Akt and total Akt antibodies. C, control.