Computerized electrical mapping of sinoatrial node (SAN) activations in normal and heart failure (HF) dogs. A: picture of the 448-channel electrode patch. B: pictures of electrode location. Rectangle surrounded by dotted line (B, left) represents electrode patch location. C: isochronal maps at baseline (BSL; left) and during isoproterenol (Iso) perfusion (right) in normal dog. D: isochronal maps at BSL (left) and during Iso perfusion (right) in HF dog. SVC, superior vena cava; IVC, inferior vena cava; RAA, right atrial appendage; RAV, right atrial ventral; HR; heart rate; bpm, beats/min. Bars are 10 mm.