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. 2010 Oct 1;299(6):H1805–H1811. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00723.2010

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.

Effect of caffeine on activation pattern of SAN in HF dogs. A: effects of caffeine in normal and HF RAs. A,a: caffeine response in normal RA. Caffeine injection (20 mmol/l, 2-ml bolus given within 1 s) induces LDCAE in normal RA. Arrows show robust LDCAEs. A,b: caffeine responses in HF RA. There is no LDCAE. B: slope of LDCAE in normal and HF RAs. Caffeine-induced robust LDCAE is significantly suppressed in HF (P < 0.001). C: HR in normal and HF RAs after caffeine injection. Caffeine-induced HR increase is significantly suppressed in HF (P = 0.005).