Table 2. Studies reporting TB incidence in prisons, by income area according to the World Bank classification.
| Income Category | Author, Year(Country) | Period | Cases, n(At Risk) | Incidence in Prisons, ×100,000 | Incidence in General Population, ×100,000 | Incidence Rate Difference | IRR(95%CI) | Incarcerated Population, ×1,000 Inhabitants‡ | PAF% |
| High-income countries | Martin et al., 2001 (Spain) | 1991–1999 | NR | 639† | 45 | 594 | 14.2(9.2–21.8) | 1.45 | 1.88 |
| Mor et al., 2008 (Israel) | 1998–2004 | 23(91,000) | 25.3 | 10 | 15.3 | 2.5(1.7–3.8) | 2.09 | 0.32 | |
| Wong et al., 2008 (Hong Kong) | 1999–2005 | 214(82,406) | 259.7 | 76 | 183.7 | 3.4(3.0–3.9) | 1.68 | 0.40 | |
| Ijaz et al., 2004 (USA) | 1992–2000 | 58(81,759) | 70.9 | 10 | 60.9 | 7.1(5.48–9.18) | 7.38 | 4.30 | |
| Hanau-Bercot et al., 2000 (France) | 1991–1995 | 68(31,546) | 215.5 | 25 | 190.6 | 8.6(6.8–10.9) | 0.85 | 0.64 | |
| Valway et al., 1994 (USA) | 1990–1992 | 171(109,475) | 156.2 | 9 | 147.2 | 17.3(14.9–20.2) | 7.38 | 10.77 | |
| Koo et al., 1997 (USA) | 1991–1991 | 10(5,421) | 184.5 | 17.4 | 167.1 | 18.4(9.9–34.3) | 7.38 | 11.41 | |
| Klopf et al., 1998 (USA) | 1991–1997* | NR | 225 | 9 | 216.0 | 25.0(NA) | 7.38 | 62.3 | |
| Klopf et al., 1998 (USA) | 1991–1997** | NR | 61 | 9 | 52.0 | 6.8(NA) | 7.38 | 30.7 | |
| Fernandez de la Hoz et al., 2001 (Spain) | 1997–1997 | 97(7,524) | 1,289.2 | 40 | 1,249.2 | 32.2(26.4–39.3) | 1.45 | 4.33 | |
| Jones et al., 1999 (USA) | 1995–1997 | 38(13,869) | 274.0 | 8 | 266.0 | 34.2(24.9–47.1) | 7.38 | 19.70 | |
| March et al., 2000 (Spain) | 1994–1996 | 267(3,927) | 6,799.1 | 45 | 6,754.1 | 151.1(134.0–170.3) | 1.45 | 17.87 | |
| Chaves et al., 1997 (Spain) | 1993–1994 | 216(9,461) | 2,283.1 | 30.4 | 2,252.7 | 75.1(48.8–115.4) | 1.45 | 9.70 | |
| Braun, 1989 (USA) | 1984–1986 | 39(36,967) | 105.5 | 9 | 96.5 | 11.7(8.6–16.0) | 7.38 | 7.33 | |
| Middle/low income countries | Ferreira et al., 1996 (Brazil)# | 1992–1993 | 20(720) | 2,777. 8 | 77 | 2,700.8 | 36.1(23.3–55.9) | 1.91 | 6.28 |
| de Oliveira et al., 2004 (Brazil) | 1993–2000 | 359(34,344) | 1,045.3 | 67.75 | 977.5 | 15.4(13.9–17.1) | 1.91 | 2.68 | |
| Russkikh et al., 2007 (Russia) | 1996–2000† | NR | 2,035.3 | 58.0 | 1,977.3 | 35.1(NA) | 6.11 | 17.2 | |
| Russkikh et al., 2007 (Russia) | 2001–2005‡ | NR | 1,649.9 | 71.6 | 1,578.3 | 23.0(NA) | 6.11 | 11.9 | |
| Pavlov et al., 2003 (Russia) | 1998–2000 | NR | 1,942.8 | 49.6 | 1,893.2 | 39.1(NA) | 6.11 | 18.9 | |
| Slavuckij et al, 2002 (Russia) | 1998–1998 | 22(2,500) | 880 | 100 | 780 | 8.8(5.8–13.4) | 6.11 | 4.55 | |
| Koffi et al., 1997 (Ivory Coast) | 1990–1992 | 108(1,861) | 5,803.3 | 177 | 5,626.3 | 32.8(27.1–39.6) | 0.49 | 1.53 |
Source: [12]. Characteristics of the study, estimated annual tuberculosis (TB) incidence in prisons, estimated annual TB incidence in the general population, estimated annual TB incidence difference, estimated annual TB incidence ratio, fraction of the population in prison, fraction of TB in the population attributable to the exposure in prisons.
‡As reported in the Human Development Report (year 2007/08) [47].
†: As reported in Martin et al., 2001 [26].
Female inmates only.
Klopf et al. reported TB incidence *before and **after the implementation of a TB control program in New York State Department of Correctional Services and prisons personnel separately [21].
Russkikh et al. reported TB incidence among prison personnel †during and ‡following the socioeconomic crisis occurred in Russia in the late 1990s [35].
NA, not applicable; NR, not reported.