Table 1.
General characteristics of currently marketed gadolinium chelates used for magnetic resonance imaging[6]
| Name | Acronym | Gd-DTPA | Gd-EOB-DTPA | Gd-BOPTA | MS325 | Gd-DTPA-BMA | Gd-DTPA-BMEA | Gd-HP-DO3A | Gd-BT-DO3A | Gd-DOTA |
| Generic name | Gadopentetate dimeglumine | Gadoxetic acid, disodium salt | Gadobenate dimeglumine | Gadofosveset, trisodium salt | Gadodiamide | Gadoversetamide | Gadoteridol | Gadobutrol | Gadoterate meglumine | |
| Trade name | Magnevistâ | Primovist® | MultiHanceâ | Vasovist® | Omniscanâ | OptiMARKâ | ProHanceâ | Gadovistâ | Dotaremâ | |
| Company | Bayer-Schering | Bayer-Schering | Bracco | EPIX | GE-Healthcare | Mallinckrodt | Bracco | Bayer-Schering | Guerbet | |
| Chemical structure | Open-chain | Open-chain | Open-chain | Open-chain | Open-chain | Open-chain | Macrocyclic | Macrocyclic | Macrocyclic | |
| Charge | Ionic | Ionic | Ionic | Ionic | Nonionic | Nonionic | Nonionic | Nonionic | Ionic | |
| Concentration (M) | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | |
| Osmolality at 37°C (mOsm/kg H2O) | 1960 | 688 | 1970 | 825 | 789 | 1110 | 630 | 1603 | 1350 | |
| Viscosity (mPa.s) at 37°C | 2.9 | 1.19 | 5.3 | 2.06 | 1.4 | 2 | 1.3 | 4.96 | 2 | |
| Formulation | Free DTPA (1 mmol/L) | Ca-EOB-DTPA (trisodium salt) (1.5 mmol/L) | No formulation | Fosveset (0.325 mmol/L) | Ca-DTPA-BMA (caldiamide) (Na+ salt) (25 mmol/L) | Ca-DTPA-BMEA (Na+ salt) (50 mmol/L) | [Ca-HP-DO3A]2 (Ca2+ salt) (0.5 mmol/L) | Ca-BT-DO3A (Na+ salt) (1.0 mmol/L) | No formulation | |
| Hydrophilicity (log P Butanol/water) | -3.16 | -2.11 | -2.33 | -2.11 | -2.13 | N/A | -1.98 | -2 | -2.87 | |
| log Ktherm | 22.1 | 23.5 | 22.6 | 22.06 | 16.9 | 16.6 | 23.8 | 21.8 | 25.6 | |
| log Kcond | 17.7 | 18.7 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 14.9 | 15 | 17.1 | 14.7 | 19.3 | |
| Kinetic Stabilitya | Low | Medium | Medium | Medium | Low | Low | High | High | High | |
a
Low: long-time index < 0.3, Medium: Long-time index 0.49 to 0.86; High: Long-time index > 0.95. N/A: Not available.