Table 1.

Relationship between cyclooxygenase-2, Ki-67, cyclin A, p27 and clinicopathological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Factors	n	COX-2	P	Ki-67	P	Cyclin A	P	p27	P
ESCC	102	74.7 ± 61.2	0.00	64.0 ± 51.6	0.00	44.2 ± 32.2	0.00	182.0 ± 69.0	0.00
Normal	28	30.2 ± 43.4		11.6 ± 2.3		11.7 ± 5.0		266.4 ± 28.0
Age (yr)
≥ 60	44	77.8 ± 56.4	NS	66.7 ± 48.7	NS	44.6 ± 30.1	NS	185.4 ± 63.3	NS
< 60	58	70.6 ± 67.2		60.5 ± 55.6		43.6 ± 37.2		179 ± 73.3
Gender
Male	86	72.8 ± 62.0	NS	64.5 ± 51.3	NS	43.3 ± 32.5	NS	183.6 ± 68.1	NS
Female	16	85.0 ± 57.6		61.5 ± 54.7		48.7 ± 37.3		173.1 ± 67.2
Location
Upper	11	59.5 ± 45.9	NS	49.6 ± 27.4	NS	48.3 ± 24.3	NS	205.4 ± 57.8	NS
Middle	55	76.7 ± 62.2		63.3 ± 48.0		45.3 ± 37.0		181.5 ± 67.8
Lower	36	76.3 ± 64.6		69.6 ± 61.8		41.3 ± 29.7		175.5 ± 74.5
Differentiation
Well	32	68.7 ± 48.9	NS	43.8 ± 31.7	0.001	32.0 ± 19.0	0.03	206.2 ± 61.5	0.00
Moderate	50	82.3 ± 63.0		63.2 ± 36.2		47.9 ± 27.8		189.9 ± 61.4
Poor	20	65.3 ± 74.0		98.4 ± 84.8		54.1 ± 53.7		123.5 ± 68.3
T stage
T1-2	32	55.0 ± 42.3	0.028	70.2 ± 46.2	NS	40.6 ± 30.7	NS	169.3 ± 75.1	NS
T3-4	70	83.0 ± 66.5		61.2 ± 54.0		45.8 ± 34.4		187.8 ± 65.8
N stage
N0	55	77.9 ± 65.2	NS	63.8 ± 49.8	NS	41.5 ± 28.4	NS	189.8 ± 63.4	NS
N1	47	70.9 ± 56.7		64.3 ± 54.2		47.4 ± 38.1		172.0 ± 74.7
M stage
M0	85	74.3 ± 63.2	NS	63.9 ± 52.8	NS	41.8 ± 33.4	NS	181.7 ± 65.1
M1	17	76.8 ± 52.0		64.7 ± 46.4		54.9 ± 30.4		183.2 ± 75.6
Overall TNM stage
I	5	62.8 ± 48.3	NS	56.0 ± 34.8	NS	38.4 ± 31.7	NS	201.2 ± 61.5	NS
II	48	52.0 ± 40.5		75.7 ± 49.5		41.3 ± 29.6		187.3 ± 66.9
III	32	85.0 ± 66.5		59.3 ± 53.7		43.0 ± 39.4		170.3 ± 71.1
IV	17	81.5 ± 67.8		64.5 ± 55.3		55.9 ± 30.4		183.2 ± 75.6

Upper: Upper intra-thoracic esophagus; Middle: Middle intra-thoracic esophagus; Lower: Lower intra-thoracic esophagus; NS: Not significant; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.