Serum sICAM-1 levels in 5 children during asymptomatic (carriage) stage, at onset of AOM, and during convalescence from infection due to S. pneumoniae, as follows: 306 ± 134 ng/ml (mean ± SD) for carriage stage, 733 ± 323 ng/ml at onset of AOM, and 329 ± 101 ng/ml during convalescence. P = 0.02 for AOM versus carriage; P = 0.03 for AOM versus convalescence.