TABLE 1.
Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli obtained by nonselective isolation and numbers of strains with some resistance patterns from mallards, herring gulls, and waterbird feces
| Antibiotic resistance phenotypea | Antibiotic resistance gene(s)b | No. of isolates from: |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mallards | Herring gulls | Waterbird feces | ||
| A | blaTEM | 3 | ||
| Gn | NT | 1 | ||
| Na | ND | 1 | 1 | |
| S | aadA1 | 1 | ||
| S | ND | 6 | 1 | |
| ANa | blaTEM | 1 | ||
| GnS | aadA1 | 1 | ||
| GnS | ND | 1 | ||
| SSu | strA, sul2 | 1 | 1 | |
| ANaS | blaTEM, strA | 1 | ||
| ANaT | blaTEM, tetA | 1 | ||
| AST | blaTEM, strA, tetB | 1 | ||
| ANaST | blaTEM, strA, tetB | 2 | ||
| AAcCfCipNa | blaCTX-M-1 | 1 | ||
| ACipNaSxtT | blaTEM, tetA, tetB, int1; I1, 1.5 kb: dhfr1-aadA1 | 1 | ||
| NaSSuSxtT | sul1, tetA, int1; I1, 2.2 kb: aadA1 | 1 | ||
| AAcCfCipNaS | blaTEM, aadA1 | 2 | ||
| ACfSSuSxtT | blaCTX-M-1, strA, sul2, aadA1, tetB | 1 | ||
| ACCfSSuSxtT | blaCTX-M-1, cat, strA, sul1, sul2, tetB, int1; I1, 2.5 kb: dhfr1-aadA1 | 1 | ||
| Total | 23 | 3 | 5 | |
a
A, ampicillin; Ac, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; C, chloramphenicol; Cf, cephalothin; Cip, ciprofloxacin; Gn, gentamicin; Na, nalidixic acid; S, streptomycin; Su, sulfonamides; Sxt, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; T, tetracycline.
b
ND, not determined; NT, not tested; I1, class 1 integron.