Table 2.

Serum PSA concentration in men 40 years and older by cholesterol-lowering drug use, NHANES 2001 – 2004

	N	Geometric Mean PSA concentration ng/mL (95% CI)
		Age Adjusted*	Multivariable Adjusted†
Current Use of Cholesterol-lowering Drugs§
No	2,076	0.96 (0.92 – 1.00)	0.95 (0.91 – 0.99)
Yes	498	0.88 (0.81 – 0.95)	0.90 (0.83 – 0.97)
p-value‡		0.09	0.22
Cholesterol-lowering Drugs in the Past Month**
No	2,044	0.95 (0.92 – 0.99)	0.95 (0.91 – 0.99)
Yes	530	0.89 (0.83 – 0.95)	0.91 (0.86 – 0.97)
p-value‡		0.11	0.31
<1 year	133	0.87 (0.76 – 0.99)	0.88 (0.77 – 1.00)
1 – <5 years	260	0.99 (0.86 – 1.13)	1.01 (0.88 – 1.16)
≥ 5 years	127	0.74 (0.65 – 0.85)	0.77 (0.67 – 0.88)
p trend‡		0.004	0.02
Statins in the Past Month**
No	2,091	0.95 (0.92 – 0.99)	0.95 (0.91 – 0.99)
Yes	483	0.88 (0.82 – 0.94)	0.90 (0.85 – 0.96)
p-value‡		0.06	0.20
<1 year	117	0.87 (0.76 – 0.99)	0.88 (0.78 – 1.01)
1 – <5 years	236	0.97 (0.84 – 1.12)	0.99 (0.86 – 1.14)
≥ 5 years	122	0.74 (0.65 – 0.86)	0.77 (0.61 – 0.89)
p trend‡		0.003	0.02

^*Adjusting for age in years (continuous)

^†Adjusting for age in years (continuous), race/ethnicity, body mass index, and cigarette smoking status

^‡p-values calculated modeling the natural logarithm transformed PSA

^§Participants were asked if they were currently taking medications to lower cholesterol; 91% of the users took a statin.

^**Participants were asked whether they had taken any prescription medications in the previous 30 days. Interviewers recorded type of medication as well as how long participants had been taking each medication.