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. 2010 Nov 23;103(12):1765–1772. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606008

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Copyright © 2010 Cancer Research UK

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An overview of the EGFR pathway and its main downstream effectors (top). Expected outcomes of anti-EGFR (mAb) therapy (bottom): sensitivity (tumour response) when EGFR is activated (gain copy number, ligand overexpression, other unknown mechanisms) and downstream effectors are wild type (left); resistance (tumour development and metastasis) when downstream effectors such as KRAS, BRAF or PI3K are activated or PTEN is inactivated (right).