Table 5.
Low and high odds ratio estimates from manual stepwise selection models for intake of component subgroups and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer, from United States multicenter, population-based study. Results are adjusted ORa and 95% CI and show association based on increasing intake of one serving/day.
| Food subgroup | Low OR estimate (95% CI) |
High OR estimate (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Esophageal adenocarcinoma | Red meat | 2.75 (1.51, 4.99) | 3.02 (1.65, 5.52) |
| High-fat dairy | 1.31 (1.07, 1.61) | 1.36 (1.10, 1.67) | |
| Raw vegetables | 0.76 (0.61, 0.95) | 0.79 (0.63, 1.00) | |
| Refined grains | 1.25 (1.00, 1.56) | 1.27 (1.02, 1.59) | |
| Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma | Poultry | 1.85 (1.12, 3.04) | 1.92 (1.16, 3.17) |
| High-fat dairy | 1.21 (0.98, 1.48) | 1.23 (1.01, 1.51) | |
| Esophageal Squamous cell carcinoma | High-fat dairy | 1.43 (1.11, 1.85) | 1.54 (1.20, 1.98) |
| Meat alternates | 0.42 (0.19, 0.91) | 0.45 (0.20, 0.99) | |
| Non-cardia gastric cancer | Poultry | 1.66 (1.01, 2.74) | 1.96 (1.22, 3.14) |
| Refined grains | 1.51 (1.25, 1.83) | 1.58 (1.30, 1.91) | |
| High-nitrite meats | 1.56 (1.01, 2.43) | 1.58 (1.30, 1.91) | |
| Low fat dairy | 0.63 (0.43, 0.93) | 0.63 (0.43, 0.94) |
a
See methods for details of model selection methods and variables included for selection. Results summarize the lowest and highest point estimate of effect for each subgroup consistently selected using 3 model selection approaches.