Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression model evaluating the association between total EMS time and mortality (n=3,656)*
| Covariates | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Total EMS time (by minute) | 1.00 | (0.99-1.01) |
| Ln (age) | 4.63 | (3.34-6.42) |
| Sex | 0.87 | (0.65-1.16) |
| Air transport | 0.71 | (0.34-1.48) |
| GCS score obtained | 5.42 | (3.17-9.26) |
| Total GCS score (by increasing score) | 0.81 | (0.78-0.84) |
| SBP obtained | 0.10 | (0.04-0.23) |
| SBP <90 mm Hg | 1.62 | (1.10-2.38) |
| 180>SBP≥150 mm Hg | 1.06 | (0.71-1.58) |
| SBP ≥180 mm Hg | 1.57 | (0.93-2.65) |
| 150>SBP≥90 mm Hg | Reference | |
| Respiratory rate obtained | 0.39 | (0.21-0.75) |
| Respiratory rate <10 breaths/min | 3.87 | (2.45-6.12) |
| Respiratory rate >29 breaths/min | 1.42 | (0.93-2.19) |
| 29≥RR≥10 | Reference | |
| Shock index ≥1.0 | 1.32 | (0.93-1.88) |
| Shock index <1.0 | Reference | |
| Firearm or stabbing | 1.06 | (0.57-1.96) |
| Burn | 2.02 | (1.37-2.99) |
| Struck by/against crushed or fall | 0.79 | (0.22-2.82) |
| Other injury mechanism | 0.93 | (0.67-1.28) |
| Motor vehicle related | Reference | |
| Intravenous or intraosseous line placed | 1.03 | (0.69-1.56) |
| Hemorrhage control | 0.72 | (0.50-1.03) |
| Tracheal intubation attempt | 3.76 | (2.65-5.34) |
| Rescue airway | 2.60 | (1.10-6.15) |
| Hospital level | 1.13 | (0.72-1.77) |
*
Site was included in the model as a fixed-effects term to account for clustering.